藏区赔命价习惯法运行实证考察

发布时间：2018-04-16 12:32

本文选题：赔命价习惯法 + 刑事和解　；参考：《西南财经大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：藏民族地域分布广泛、文化背景特殊,在其漫长的历史中形成了独具特色的习惯法和纠纷解决机制。这些习惯法是藏族文化系统的组成部分,承载着藏族民众特别的心理、观念、情感和价值标准。赔命价就是典型体现。即使在制定法越来越健全的21世纪,藏族习惯法例如赔命价与国家制定法在藏区的博弈从未间断。通过对当今甘孜藏区的实证考察,可以看到赔命价习惯法与国家制定法之间的对垒依旧在上演,甘孜地区发生的刑事案件虽然都基本进入司法程序,但与此同时民间调解——赔命价习惯法却并行不悖。赔命价习惯法的运行活力,来自于藏区地光人稀的自然环境、粗放的生产方式；来自于藏民生死轮回、因果报应、追求和谐的价值理念；来自于赔命价在藏区能够有效解决纠纷且成本低廉的有效功能；来自于国家制定法作为一种外来文化的陌生以及忽略被害人利益的漏洞等。但不可否认的是,赔命习惯法的运行也存在许多不尽人意的因素,例如其作为一种自然生发的法文化,其不具有明确性,行为人对自己的行为不可预期,违背罪行法定原则；其权威性主要来自于民众对宗教的信仰,容易导致宗教干预司法等。而国家制定法与赔命价习惯法的双重运行,看似缓和了二者的矛盾,但对于加害方来说,违背了一事不再罚原则,违背了罪责自负原则。可见两种法律各有利弊,因此废除“赔命价”刑事习惯法,强行执行国家刑事制定法实行一刀切的做法并不可取；任由“赔命价”刑事习惯法肆意发展,也不利于藏区的法制建设及社会稳定。因此有必要对赔命价习惯法运行的效果进行客观分析、理性评价,探究其运行的自然、文化背景。从而在法治现代化的不断推进的背景下,尝试在赔命价习惯法与国家统一制定法之间搭建一座桥梁,例如刑事和解制度,以监督赔命价习惯法的运行,防止其滥用,并发挥赔命价习惯法对国家法治建设的积极作用。本文将分为四部分展开论述,导论主要介绍选题缘由和国内学界关于藏区赔命价习惯法的研究现状,并介绍笔者的研究思路和方法；第一章对藏区赔命价习惯法的制度框架、实证运行状况进行解读,主要以四川甘孜藏区的丹巴县为例介绍了赔命价习惯法的适用范围、适用主体、运行程序,并从积极和消极两方面评价赔命价习惯法的运行。第二章分别从自然环境、文化背景、国家制定法供给不足的方面分析赔命价习惯法在藏区运行的原因。第三章尝试以刑事和解为视角,即刑事和解制度在藏区的建构,实现赔命价习惯法与国家制定法的对接,从而为国家法整合习惯法,调适赔命价习惯法与制定法之间的冲突寻找一种出路。
[Abstract]:The Tibetan nationality has a wide geographical distribution and special cultural background, and has formed a unique customary law and dispute resolution mechanism in its long history.These customary laws are an integral part of the Tibetan cultural system and bear the special psychological, conceptual, emotional and value standards of the Tibetan people.Loss price is a typical embodiment.Even in the 21st century, the Tibetan customary laws, such as the compensation price and the state law, have never stopped in the Tibetan area.Through an empirical study of the Tibetan area of Ganzi today, we can see that the confrontation between the customary law of compensation and the law of state formulation is still going on. Although the criminal cases that have occurred in the Ganzi area have basically entered the judicial process,But at the same time, folk mediation-life-loss customary law is parallel.The operation vitality of the customary law of compensation price comes from the natural environment and extensive production mode of Tibetan people, from the cycle of life and death of Tibetan people, from karma, from the pursuit of harmonious values.It comes from the effective function that the compensation price can solve disputes effectively and the cost is low in Tibetan area; it comes from the foreign culture of the national legislation and the loopholes of ignoring the interests of the victims and so on.However, it is undeniable that there are many unsatisfactory factors in the operation of the customary law of compensation, for example, as a natural law culture, it is not clear, the actor can not expect their own behavior, violating the legal principle of crime;Its authority mainly comes from the people's belief in religion, which easily leads to religious interference in the judiciary and so on.The dual operation of the state law and the customary law of compensation for life price seems to alleviate the contradiction between them, but for the offending party, it violates the principle of no punishment of the matter and violates the principle of guilt and responsibility.We can see that the two kinds of laws have their advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, it is not advisable to abolish the "compensation for life" criminal customary law and enforce the national criminal law to implement a one-size-fits-all approach; and to allow the "compensation for life" criminal customary law to be wantonly developed.It is also not conducive to the construction of the legal system and social stability in Tibetan areas.Therefore, it is necessary to objectively analyze and rationally evaluate the effect of customary law of compensation price, and explore its natural and cultural background.In the context of the modernization of the rule of law, this paper tries to build a bridge between the customary law of compensation and the unified law of the state, such as the system of criminal reconciliation, in order to supervise the operation of the customary law of compensation for life and prevent its abuse.And play a positive role in the construction of the country's rule of law.This article will be divided into four parts to discuss, the introduction mainly introduces the reason of selecting the topic and the current situation of the domestic academic research on the customary law of life price in Tibetan area, and introduces the author's research ideas and methods; the first chapter introduces the institutional framework of the customary law of the compensation price of life in the Tibetan area.Taking Danba County of Ganzi Tibetan District in Sichuan Province as an example, this paper introduces the applicable scope, applicable subject, operation procedure of the customary law of life price, and evaluates the operation of the customary law of compensation price from both positive and negative aspects.The second chapter analyzes the reasons for the operation of the customary law in Tibetan area from the aspects of natural environment, cultural background and insufficient supply of national law.The third chapter tries to construct the criminal reconciliation system in Tibetan area from the angle of criminal reconciliation, to realize the connection between the customary law of compensation price and the national law, so as to integrate the customary law for the national law.To find a way out of the conflict between customary law and statutory law.
【学位授予单位】：西南财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D920.4

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