论当代中国法律观念的转型

发布时间：2018-04-16 20:09

本文选题：法律观念 + 滞后性　；参考：《安徽大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：现代法律观念是法治社会中每一个人应具有的理性品质,它构成了法治国家的精神底蕴。它既是法律规范化的思想动力,又是制度建设的精神支柱。它不仅影响着法律规范的质量,而且制约着法律规范转化为现实的效果,最终决定着法律制度建设的成败。现代法律观念作为法治国家的内在灵魂和精神支撑,不仅是一国实现法治的重要条件,也是一国实现法治的重要标志。当前,我国正处在社会的转型时期,社会的转型是特殊的结构性变迁。它暗示着不仅仅是经济结构的变迁,社会结构的其他方面也会同时发生着转变。而其中法律制度层面的变化是不可避免的,但从我国法治国家建设的进程来看,现代法律观念作为现代法律制度的灵魂,在我国还没有发育成熟。因此,当前我国现代法律观念的培养已凸显重要与迫切。在中国实行法治,树立现代法律观念,存在两方面的问题。一方面,在中国传统法律观念中,无论是儒家还是法家,都视法律为治民之器。法律只是统治阶级用来维护特权利益和管理百姓的工具,具有浓厚的法治实用主义色彩。这在传统法律观念中,缺乏一种必要的理性精神和崇高的价值追求。它难以成功地将社会秩序导向法治,并给予法治以持久支撑的文化模式。势必妨碍人们真正树立起现代法治的法律观念。另一方面,中国缺乏现代法律观念成长的法律文化土壤。文化是人们在长期的生活实践过程中无意识产生的,是在自发的经验中点滴积累起来的。建立法治所需要的文化土壤,并不完全服从于人之心智的设计和建构。如一位法学家曾指出的那样,“社会生活中,并不是人在控制文化,而是文化在控制人。正是因为我们对文化的深度和广度过于无知,才有了我们妄断是人在指导并控制文化的可能。”1法律文化作为一种文化形式,是历经数代人的经验积累,是一种历史的产物。在中国传统文化中居于主导地位的是儒家文化,而儒家文化的精神是与现代法治理念相违背的。所以中国难以产生法治文化,在人们头脑中占主导地位的是人治观念。虽然我国法律观念的转型面临着先天的不足,但由于观念具有外生性、接受性、反射性的特点,这使得法律观念具有通过培育使其完善的可能。加之市场经济的日益成熟,民主政治的不断进步,思想文化的对外开放,这些又为我国现代法律观念的培养创造了条件。本文主要通过对现代法律观念的分析,找出我国法律观念的滞后性,最后提出行之有效的办法以期培养人们与现代法治国家建设相适应的法律观念。文章共分三个部分：一、法治国家中的现代法律观念。本部分首先对现代法律观念的形成原因进行了简单的分析,然后重点解读了现代法律观念的应有内容：法律至上、个人主义、形式理性。二、当代中国法律观念的滞后性。本部分是在上部分的基础上对我国法律观念的滞后性进行了相对应的分析,全面地总结了现时期我国法律观念滞后的具体表现：国家主义、个案正义、工具主义。三、现代法律观念的培养。这一部分是笔者最想尽力做好的一部分,当然也是整个文章的重点。首先,为有效地完成现代法律观念转变,明确了具体的培养目标：1、培养官员以人为本的法律观念。其主要对象是立法者、执法者和司法者。2、培养全社会的法律信仰。3、培养普通民众的权利意识。然后,用了大量的笔墨努力探究切实可行的培养方法——普法教育。
[Abstract]:The modern legal idea is rational quality in the society ruled by law, every person should have, it constitutes a country under the rule of law spirit. It is not only the ideological power of legal standardization, but also the spiritual support system construction. It not only affects the quality of legal norms, but also restricts the legal norms into practical effect, the final decision the success or failure of legal system. The modern legal concepts as the law of the country to support the inner soul and spirit, is not only an important condition to realize rule of law in a country, the rule of law is to achieve an important symbol of a country.
At present, our country is in a period of social transformation, social transformation is a special structural change. It implies not only the change of economic structure, social structure and other aspects of the transition will occur simultaneously. The changes of the level of legal system is inevitable, but from the construction of the rule of law and the process of our country, the soul of modern legal concepts of the modern legal system in China is still not mature. Therefore, the current culture of the modern legal idea has highlighted the important and urgent.
The rule of law in the China, establish a modern legal idea, there are two problems. On the one hand, in the China traditional legal idea, both Confucianism and Legalism, have regarded the law as people of the device. The law is the ruling class to maintain vested interests and management tool for people with a strong rule of law in the pragmatism color. The traditional legal concepts, the lack of a rational essential spirit and noble pursuit of value. It is difficult to successfully guide the social order and the rule of law, the rule of law to give lasting support to the cultural patterns. It is bound to hinder people from really establish the idea of the modern rule of law. On the other hand, the lack of modern legal concepts Chinese growth of legal culture. Culture is the people in the unconscious life long process of practice, is accumulated in the spontaneous experience. Drop point needed to establish the rule of law culture, not The design and construction of complete obedience to the mind of people. As a jurist has pointed out, "social life, not the people in the control culture, but culture in the controller. It is because we are too much depth and breadth of cultural ignorance, we have people jump off a guide and control culture may 1." legal culture as a cultural form, is after several generations of experience, is a product of history. In the traditional culture China dominant Confucian culture, the spirit of Confucian culture is incompatible with the modern concept of the rule of law. So it is difficult to produce China law culture, the dominant the position in people's minds is the notion of the rule of man.
Although the transformation of the concept of law of our country is facing the inherent deficiencies, but the concept is exogenous, the acceptance of the characteristics of reflex, which makes the legal concept with foster perfect. In addition by the increasingly mature market economy, advancement of democratic politics, ideology and culture to the outside world, and for the training of these the concept of modern law in China to create the conditions.
By analyzing the modern legal concepts, this paper finds out the lagging nature of our legal concepts. Finally, it puts forward effective ways to cultivate people's legal concepts that are suitable for the construction of modern country under the rule of law. The article is divided into three parts.
First, the modern concept of law in a country under the rule of law. This part first makes a simple analysis of the reasons for the formation of modern legal concepts, and then focuses on the content of modern legal concepts: Law supremacy, individualism and form rationality.
Two, the lag of contemporary China's legal concept. This part is based on the above part, and makes a corresponding analysis of the lagging of our legal concept, and summarizes the concrete manifestation of the lagging concept of law in our country at the present stage: nationalism, case justice and instrumentalism.
Three, the culture of modern legal concepts. This part is I most want to do, of course is the key of the whole article. First of all, in order to effectively complete the transformation of modern legal concepts, defines specific training objectives: 1, legal concept of official culture people-oriented. Its main object is the legislation, law enforcement and judicial.2, cultivate the whole society to the legal belief.3, cultivate awareness of the rights of ordinary people. Then, with a lot of ink to explore training method is feasible, legal education.

【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D920.0

【参考文献】