人类辅助生殖立法之中越比较法研究

发布时间：2018-04-17 15:15

  本文选题：人类辅助生殖 + 人工授精　； 参考：《南京大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：人类辅助生殖是现代医学技术发展的产物,它的出现为全世界的不育家庭带来了希望,对人类社会的发展具有积极意义。然而,人类辅助生殖方式打破了人类自然繁衍的规律,对社会传统伦理体系形成了冲击,也对现有的法律制度提出了新的要求。世界各国国情各异,因此目前对人类辅助生殖的立法现状也参差不一。中国和越南同为发展中国家,同处亚洲地区,两国国家体制相同,文化相近,且均深受儒家思想影响,因此对中越两国在人类辅助生殖方面的立法进行比较研究具有重要意义。本文采用比较法法学研究方法、立法解释方法和实证分析方法,对中越两国人类辅助生殖现行法律法规中的主要法律问题,譬如人类辅助生殖的理论基础、人类辅助生殖的法律关系、人类辅助生殖子女的法律地位、代孕的合法化等进行深入理论研究,在比较和探讨其各自特征及不足的基础上,从越南的立法经验,提出关于人类辅助生殖的立法构想。论文共分为五部分:第一部分为引言。本部分主要通过介绍中越两国近年来在人类辅助生殖方面较典型的司法实践纠纷案件引出有关代表性的问题,其中包括人类辅助生殖子女法律地位纠纷、精卵和胚胎权利归属纠纷及代孕法律纠纷等问题,了解这些案例有助于本文中对人类辅助生殖关键问题的立法论证。第二部分为人类辅助生殖概述。主要对人类辅助生殖的定义、历史发展和医学分类进行简要介绍。第三部分为中越人类辅助生殖立法的理论基础。本部分分别从哲学层面和法理层面分析论证中越进行人类辅助生殖立法的理论基础。东方文化和儒家思想在一定程度上限制了两国接受人类辅助生殖的态度,但从"人本"的现代宪法制度出发,生育自由应当作为一项基本人权,受到法律的认可和保护。这种权利应当作为中国和越南进行人类辅助生殖立法的法理学基础。第四部分为中越人类辅助生殖之立法现状。本部分主要介绍和比较了中越两国人类辅助生殖立法的现状及异同。综观中越两国的立法现状,可知两国均认可人工授精和体外授精为合法,而对代孕问题上,两国存在较大分歧。中国对任何形式的代孕均一律禁止,而越南则将非商业性代孕合法化,并确认代孕母亲的法律地位和代孕协议的法律效力。另外在确认人类辅助生殖子女法律身份方面,越南已明确进行立法,其中也包括代孕子女法律身份在内,而中国则尚未对此问题作出立法。第五部分为中越人类辅助生殖立法之探讨。本部分主要探讨中越两国在人类辅助生殖方面各自立法的特征及缺陷,并对中越两国相关立法提出一些建议。
[Abstract]:Human assisted reproduction is the product of the development of modern medical technology. It brings hope to the infertile families all over the world and has positive significance for the development of human society.However, human assisted reproduction has broken the law of human natural reproduction, impacted the traditional social ethics system, and put forward new requirements to the existing legal system.Countries in the world have different national conditions, so the current status of legislation on human assisted reproduction is also varied.China and Vietnam are both developing countries and are located in the same region in Asia. The two countries have the same national system, similar culture, and are deeply influenced by Confucianism. Therefore, it is of great significance to compare the legislation of China and Vietnam in the field of human assisted reproduction.This paper uses comparative law research method, legislative interpretation method and empirical analysis method to analyze the main legal problems in the current laws and regulations of human assisted reproduction in China and Vietnam, such as the theoretical basis of human assisted reproduction.The legal relationship of human assisted reproduction, the legal status of human assisted reproductive children, the legalization of surrogate pregnancy, and so on, are studied in depth and theoretically. On the basis of comparing and discussing their respective characteristics and deficiencies, the legislative experience of Vietnam is discussed.The legislative conception of human assisted reproduction is put forward.The paper is divided into five parts: the first part is the introduction.This part mainly introduces the typical judicial practice disputes in human assisted reproduction between China and Vietnam in recent years, including the legal status dispute of human assisted reproductive children.The disputes of the right of spermatozoa and embryo and the legal disputes of surrogacy are helpful to the legislative argumentation of the key issues of human assisted reproduction in this paper.The second part is an overview of human assisted reproduction.The definition, historical development and medical classification of human assisted reproduction are briefly introduced.The third part is the theoretical basis of Chinese-Vietnamese assisted reproductive legislation.This part analyzes the theoretical basis of human assisted reproductive legislation from the philosophical level and the legal level.Oriental culture and Confucianism restrict the attitude of the two countries in accepting human assisted reproduction to a certain extent, but starting from the modern constitutional system of "humanism", reproductive freedom should be recognized and protected by law as a basic human right.This right should serve as the legal basis for human assisted reproductive legislation in China and Vietnam.The fourth part is the legislation status of assisted reproduction in China and Vietnam.This part mainly introduces and compares the status quo and similarities and differences of human assisted reproductive legislation between China and Vietnam.Looking at the legislative situation of China and Vietnam, we can see that both countries agree that artificial insemination and in vitro insemination are legal, but there are great differences on surrogacy between the two countries.China prohibits all forms of surrogacy, while Vietnam legalizes non-commercial surrogacy and confirms the legal status of surrogate mothers and the legal effect of surrogacy agreements.In addition, Vietnam has clearly enacted legislation to confirm the legal status of human assisted reproductive children, including surrogate children, while China has not yet enacted legislation on this issue.The fifth part discusses the legislation of assisted reproduction in China and Vietnam.This part mainly discusses the characteristics and defects of Chinese and Vietnamese legislation on human assisted reproduction, and puts forward some suggestions on the relevant legislation of China and Vietnam.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.16;D933.3;R-05
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本文编号：1764132