罗马法中客服设施经营人的承保责任及其在现代法中的继受和发展

发布时间：2018-04-18 14:03

本文选题：承保责任 + 客服设施经营人　；参考：《比较法研究》2017年01期

【摘要】：古罗马的客服设施包括船舶、客栈、车马店三种,公元前2世纪,裁判官颁布告示,在把财物交给这些设施的经营人保管的情况下被盗时授予旅客对抗此等经营人的诉权,课加他们严格责任,按准私犯定性他们的行为。尔后,法学家不断扩张这一告示的适用范围,从而达成了对旅客财产的更完善保护。现代国家在民法典或商法典中继受了这一制度,并进一步扩张其适用范围,使其涵盖对旅客人身安全的承保。但多数国家把客服设施经营人的责任改为合同责任,按照紧急寄托处理,并设定了经营人责任的上限。我国关于客服设施经营人对旅客人身和财产承担的保全责任采用经验型立法方式,十分零碎,漏洞很多,而且采用过错责任,对旅客的保护强度不够。而继受型立法可以继承先驱者的经验,少走弯路,故未来民法典宜在客服设施经营人的承保责任问题上采用继受型立法模式,并课加经营人严格责任。
[Abstract]:In ancient Rome, customer service facilities included ships, inns, chariots and horse shops. In the 2nd century BC, the magistrate issued a notice granting passengers the right of action against such operators when the property was stolen in the custody of the operators of these facilities.They are subject to strict liability and their behavior is classified as a permitted offence.Later, jurists constantly expanded the scope of application of this notice, thus achieving better protection of tourist property.Modern countries receive this system in the civil code or commercial code, and further expand its scope of application to cover the personal safety of passengers.However, most countries change the responsibility of the customer service facility operator into contractual liability, deal with it according to the emergency deposit, and set the upper limit of the operator's liability.In our country, the maintenance responsibility of the customer service facility operator to the passenger's person and property adopts the empirical legislative method, which is very piecemeal and has many loopholes. Moreover, the fault liability is adopted, and the protection intensity of the passenger is not enough.Therefore, the future civil code should adopt the following legislation model on the issue of the underwriting liability of the customer service facility operators, with strict liability of the operator.
【作者单位】：厦门大学法学院;
【分类号】：D904.1

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