财产理论视阈下的知识产权法哲学演进

发布时间：2018-04-18 23:16

本文选题：知识产权 + 劳动自然获得理论　；参考：《合肥工业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：知识产权制度发端于封建时代,从皇家特许的限制保护制度演变到以促进智慧成果应用实践为目的的开放式保护体系,其制度形成发展始终围绕私人利益与公共利益权重的此消彼长而展开。对权利正当性的终极论证源自哲学上的思考,自知识产权制度产生以来,以法哲学为路径论证知识产权制度正当性是对私人权利与公共权利之间权利与限制的深刻探寻。以约翰·洛克的劳动自然获得理论为主的劳动即获得学派为知识产权制度正当性提供了基本进路,通过劳动自然获得理论,学者们发现创造行为乃劳动的一个分支,创造者对自己身体享有所有权,对基于身体行动而创造出来的智慧成果理应享有所有权。让-雅克·卢梭在批判性认可对洛克劳动即获得理论的同时强调社会契约以及社会公意的作用,从权利转移角度发掘知识产权转让许可制度的合理性。通过契约的制定,智慧成果的价值在转让授权中被充分利用。通过契约授予的权利是否具有可被执行性以及是否具有相互约束性则是通过社会公意的承认与否来决定。康德的财产自由意志观继卢梭公意学说后以自由意志为出发点探寻财产权存在的法哲学意义,然而康德过分的强调人的目的价值使得财产自由意志理论在证成知识产权制度的道路上受到阻碍,康德所谓的人在不成为他人的工具的前提下获得应有的尊严似乎并不是法律崇尚自由、平等之体现,因为法律面前人人平等的自由精神是对封建等级制的破除,个体作为这个新思潮的受益者具有独立性,而非工具性或目的性的客体承载。黑格尔则从财产人格权角度阐述知识产权中人格权利与创作者的不可分性,并从经济效益角度出发赞成创作者基于自己的作品拥有获得报酬的权利。上述理论在一定程度上提供了论证知识产权正当性的路径,但也各自存在不足之处。在完善知识产权制度理论框架上,一方面我们应看到现有理论的正当性价值,另一方面我们应该重视现有理论的不足。
[Abstract]:The intellectual property system originated in the feudal era and evolved from the restricted protection system of the royal franchise to the open protection system aimed at promoting the application of intellectual achievements.The formation and development of its system has always revolved around the rise and fall of the weight of private interest and public interest.The ultimate proof of the legitimacy of rights originates from philosophical thinking. Since the emergence of the intellectual property system, it has been a profound exploration of the rights and limitations between private rights and public rights to demonstrate the legitimacy of intellectual property rights by the way of legal philosophy.Based on John Locke's theory of natural acquirement of labor, the school of acquirement provides a basic way for the legitimacy of intellectual property rights system. Through the theory of natural acquisition of labor, scholars find that creative behavior is a branch of labor.Creators have ownership of their bodies and intellectual achievements based on their actions.Jean-Jacques Rousseau, in his critical recognition of Locke's theory of labor acquisition, emphasized the role of social contract and social will, and explored the rationality of intellectual property transfer licensing system from the perspective of power transfer.Through the establishment of contracts, the value of intellectual achievements is fully utilized in the transfer authorization.Whether the rights granted by contract are enforceable and mutually binding is decided by the recognition or not of social will.Kant's view of property free will, after Rousseau's theory of public will, explores the legal philosophical significance of the existence of property right by taking free will as the starting point.However, Kant's excessive emphasis on the value of human aims hindered the theory of property free will from becoming a system of intellectual property rights.Kant's so-called human dignity without becoming an instrument for others does not seem to be the embodiment of the freedom and equality advocated by the law, because the spirit of freedom before the law is the breaking of the feudal hierarchy.Individuals as beneficiaries of this new trend of thought have independence, not instrumental or purposeful object bearing.Hegel expounds the inseparability of personality rights and creators in intellectual property rights from the angle of property and personality rights, and from the angle of economic benefits, agrees that the creators have the right to receive remuneration based on their own works.To some extent, the above theory provides the path to justify intellectual property rights, but there are also shortcomings.In improving the theoretical framework of intellectual property system, on the one hand, we should see the legitimate value of the existing theory, on the other hand, we should pay attention to the shortcomings of the existing theory.
【学位授予单位】：合肥工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D90

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