地方性法规制定中的“部门利益”研究

发布时间：2018-04-19 16:35

本文选题：地方性法规 + 部门　；参考：《华东政法大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：实践中，地方性法规在制定过程中所存在的“部门利益”倾向问题是当前制约我国地方立法质量提升的一个突出问题。但从“部门利益”的产生与发展来看，“部门利益”本身是一种具有公共利益属性的正当利益，这种正当性来源于“部门”依据宪法所具有的应然的公共利益属性以及法律、行政法规对部门履行职责提出的法律形式上的要求，此外还包括地方性法规对法律、行政法规有关内容进行细化与补充的必要性。而那些使地方性法规产生“部门利益”倾向的“部门利益”则属于脱离了公共利益属性、发生异化了的“部门利益”。因此，在地方性法规的制定过程中，既要对部门为履行社会管理职能、维护社会公共利益提出的正当利益需求给予肯定，，同时，也要对一些政府部门为谋取自身特殊利益而寻租地方性法规的行为进行防范和治理。地方性法规中的“部门利益”在发生异化之后具有多种表现方式，如主导立法进程、借法扩权、借法逐利以及为相对人设置较多的义务规范等。此外，“部门利益”发生异化及其绑架地方性法规的行为存在较大的危害，首先是背离了政府的公共利益属性、影响了国家法制统一，此外还降低了地方立法的质量与效率，损害了法治的权威性，并直接侵害公民、法人或其他组织的合法权益。导致地方性法规制定中“部门利益”发生异化的原因是多方面的，如不同部门对地方性法规中职权等利益资源的需求的争夺性与职权资源本身的有限性，又如我国现行的包括中央与地方分权立法体制、政府部门职责设置体系以及财税体制在内行政管理体制存在的诸多弊端，还包括地方性法规立法程序存在的一些制度漏洞等也为“部门利益”发生异化创造了条件。为防范“部门利益”异化、实现立法民主，我国现行的法律法规做了一些制度上的规定，还有一些地方进行了许多自主有益的探索，但总体上未能在根本上实现对“部门利益”发生异化的有效防范。而通过对美国、英国、日本等西方国家实行的一些立法程序机制来看，这些国家及地区所实行法规案内部起草制度、立法辩论制度、立法助理制度以及立法参与制度对我国而言有着一定的借鉴意义。同时，结合地方性法规制定中“部门利益“异化产生的根源与我国现行的立法制度，当前通过深化行政管理体制改革、增进立法提案主体地位的平等性以及建立对地方性法规中的“部门利益”问题专项评估机制等途径也能实现对“部门利益”异化的较好防范。
[Abstract]:In practice, the tendency of "department interests" in the process of making local laws and regulations is a prominent problem that restricts the improvement of the quality of local legislation in our country at present.However, from the point of view of the emergence and development of "departmental interest", the "departmental interest" itself is a kind of legitimate interest with the attribute of public interest, which comes from the attribute of public interest and the law of "department" according to the constitution.In addition, local laws and regulations are necessary to refine and supplement the relevant contents of laws and administrative regulations.And those that make local laws and regulations produce "departmental interests" tend to belong to "departmental interests" which are divorced from the attribute of public interest and dissimilated.Therefore, in the process of formulating local laws and regulations, it is necessary to affirm the legitimate interest needs put forward by the departments in order to perform the social management functions and safeguard the social public interests, and at the same time,Some government departments to seek their own special interests and rent-seeking local laws and regulations to guard against and governance.The "departmental interests" in local laws and regulations are manifested in many ways after alienation, such as leading the legislative process, extending the power by law, expelling interests by law and setting up more obligations and norms for the relative persons, and so on.In addition, the alienation of "departmental interests" and the kidnapping of local laws and regulations are harmful. Firstly, they deviate from the public interest attribute of the government, affect the unification of the national legal system, and reduce the quality and efficiency of the local legislation.It damages the authority of the rule of law and directly infringes the legitimate rights and interests of citizens, legal persons or other organizations.There are many reasons leading to the alienation of "departmental interests" in the formulation of local laws and regulations, such as the competing demands of different departments for interest resources such as power and authority in local laws and regulations, and the limitation of power resources themselves.For example, the existing administrative system in our country, including the legislative system of central and local decentralization, the system of setting up the responsibilities of government departments and the system of fiscal and taxation, has many drawbacks.It also creates conditions for dissimilation of departmental interests, including some system loopholes existing in the legislative process of local laws and regulations.In order to prevent the alienation of "departmental interests" and to realize legislative democracy, the current laws and regulations of our country have made some institutional provisions, and some places have made a lot of independent and beneficial explorations.On the whole, however, it failed to effectively prevent the alienation of "departmental interests".And through some legislative procedural mechanisms implemented by the United States, Britain, Japan, and other western countries, these countries and regions have implemented internal drafting systems and legislative debate systems for the draft laws and regulations.The legislative assistant system and the legislative participation system have certain reference significance to our country.At the same time, by deepening the reform of the administrative management system, combining the root of the alienation of "departmental interests" in the formulation of local laws and regulations and the current legislative system of our country,To improve the equality of the main body of legislative proposals and to establish a special evaluation mechanism for the problem of "sectoral interests" in local laws and regulations, we can also prevent the alienation of "departmental interests".
【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D920.0

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