美国DMCA禁止规避技术措施临时例外制度研究

发布时间：2018-04-19 19:33

本文选题：DMCA + 接触控制技术措施　；参考：《湘潭大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：为落实世界知识产权组织版权条约和世界知识产权组织表演和录音制品条约的要求,应对网络时代版权保护的难题,美国数字千年版权法(Digital Millennium Copyright Act,以下简称“DMCA”)一般性地禁止规避技术保护措施。同时为平衡版权人和公众的利益,数字千年版权法确定了相应的永久例外并授权美国国会图书馆每三年通过行政立法的方式确定临时例外。按照版权法的规定,美国国会图书馆自2000年开始每三年确定临时例外的具体类型,截止到2017年,总共进行了六次行政立法确定例外。2015最新的立法确定了10种临时例外,分别是:视频、电子书、视频游戏、移动设备越狱、智能电视越狱、移动设备解锁、3D打印、车辆维修、软件安全研究以及医疗设备。美国国会图书馆通过限定规避的主体、目的,以及可以规避的技术措施,对临时例外的范围进行限定。DMCA1201条规定国会图书馆确定例外时必须考量几大因素:作品的可获取性,禁止规避对批评、评论、新闻报道、教学和学术研究的影响,规避技术措施给作品价值造成的影响以及其他应当考虑的因素;现实中,美国国会图书馆还经常考虑禁止规避技术措施对合理使用的影响。美国版权法将法律对规避行为的普遍禁止、法律规定的一般例外和行政立法临时例外三者结合起来,构造了美国版权法禁止规避技术措施的制度框架。该制度框架将规则主义和因素主义立法模式结合起来,很好的兼顾了法律的稳定性和灵活性,细致准确地实现了版权人与公众的利益平衡。美国版权法技术措施临时例外制度体现了规则主义与因素主义的结合,对公众的利益进行了类型化的认定,确立了丰富的临时例外体系,其做法值得借鉴。
[Abstract]:In order to implement the requirements of the copyright treaties of the World intellectual property Organization and the treaties on performances and sound recordings of the World intellectual property Organization, and to deal with the problems of copyright protection in the era of the Internet, Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) generally prohibits circumvention of technical protection measures. In order to balance the interests of copyright owners and the public, the Digital Millennium copyright Act establishes the corresponding permanent exceptions and authorizes the Library of Congress to determine the provisional exceptions every three years by way of administrative legislation. In accordance with copyright law, the Library of Congress has been determining the specific types of provisional exceptions every three years since 2000, and by 2017, six executive legislations have been made to determine exceptions. The latest legislation in 2015 has established 10 temporary exceptions. They are: video, e-books, video games, mobile jailbreak, smart TV jailbreak, mobile device unlock 3D printing, vehicle maintenance, software security research, and medical devices. The Library of Congress limits the scope of temporary exceptions by limiting the subject, purpose, and technical measures that can be circumvented. Article 1201 states that the Library of Congress must consider several factors when determining exceptions: the availability of works. It is prohibited to circumvent the influence of criticism, commentary, news reports, teaching and academic research, the impact of technical measures on the value of the work, and other factors that should be taken into account; in reality, The Library of Congress also regularly considers the impact of a ban on circumvention on rational use. The copyright law of the United States combines the general prohibition of circumvention, the general exception provided by the law and the temporary exception of the administrative legislation, and constructs the institutional framework of the prohibition of technical measures in the copyright law of the United States. This system framework combines the legislative model of rulesism and factorism, which takes into account the stability and flexibility of the law, and realizes the balance between copyright owner and public interests carefully and accurately. The system of temporary exception of technical measures in American copyright law embodies the combination of rulemism and factorism, determines the interest of the public by type, and establishes a rich system of temporary exceptions, which is worthy of reference.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D971.2;DD913

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