南非海事赔偿责任限制制度研究

发布时间：2018-04-20 13:28

本文选题：南非 + 海事赔偿责任限制　；参考：《湘潭大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：海事赔偿责任限制制度是海商法中的一项重要制度，该制度赋予了船舶所有人等责任主体在面对海事请求人的索赔时将其责任限制在一定数额内的权利，通过对船舶所有人等责任主体利益保护，使得这些责任主体愿意将更多的资本投入到航运事业，推动航运业迅速稳健的发展。南非曾先后经历过荷兰和英国的殖民统治，在海事法律制度上深受其影响，尤其在海事赔偿责任限制制度上，更是从仿照英国法的基础上建立和发展起来的，英国判例法中总结的一些法律规则也被南非法院审理海事纠纷案件时直接予以适用，因此，英国的成文法和判例法是南非海事赔偿责任限制制度的重要法律渊源。海事赔偿责任限制制度的两个重要国际公约，分别是《1957年责任限制公约》和《1976年责任限制公约》，主要包括海事赔偿责任限制主体，海事赔偿责任限制适用的船舶及海事请求、丧失责任限制的条件、责任限额以及责任限制基金等事项的规定。通过对比公约的相关规定来介绍南非的海事赔偿责任限制制度的发展历程，南非《商船法》在不同时期分别借鉴了两个公约的相关规定，修改和完善本国的海事赔偿责任限制制度，，建立了具有本国特色的海事赔偿责任限制制度。南非2009年《商船法》在海事赔偿责任限额及丧失责任限制的条件等内容上吸收了国际公约的相关规定，特别是引进了公约中的超额递减金额制来计算责任限额，同时，在责任主体及适用的船舶和海事请求等事项上，根据国内客观发展情况又作出了与公约不同的规定。在世界航运业迅速发展的时代背景下，南非与我国在航运业务上的交往越来越频繁，航运事务的愈加频繁使得海上发生侵权事故和船舶碰撞事件的情况不断发生，海事赔偿纠纷案件也随之增长，我国航运企业必须了解南非的相关海事制度，以便应对南非海事制度所带来的冲击和影响。通过介绍和分析南非海事赔偿责任限制制度，我国航运企业或其他相关人员在南非的涉外海事赔偿责任限制纠纷案件中，及时选择适用对自己有利的法律，维护自身的合法权益。
[Abstract]:The limitation system of maritime claim liability is an important system in maritime law, which gives the owner of the ship and other responsible subjects the right to limit their liability to a certain amount in the face of a claim by a maritime claimant. By protecting the interests of the responsible parties such as the shipowner, these responsible subjects are willing to put more capital into the shipping industry and promote the rapid and steady development of the shipping industry. South Africa has experienced the colonial rule of the Netherlands and the United Kingdom, and has been deeply influenced by the maritime legal system, especially in the system of limitation of liability for maritime claims, which has been established and developed on the basis of imitation of English law. Some of the legal rules summarized in the case law of England are also applied directly by the courts of South Africa when they hear maritime disputes. Therefore, the statute law and case law of the United Kingdom are the important legal sources of the limitation system of liability for maritime claims in South Africa. Two important international conventions on the limitation of liability for maritime claims are the 1957 Convention on limitation of liability and the 1976 Convention on limitation of liability, which mainly include the subject of limitation of liability for maritime claims, the ships where the limitation of liability for maritime claims is applicable and the maritime claims. Conditions for loss of liability limitation, limitation of liability and limitation of liability fund, etc. By comparing the relevant provisions of the Convention to introduce the development of the limitation system of liability for maritime claims in South Africa, South Africa's Merchant Shipping Act has drawn lessons from the relevant provisions of the two conventions in different periods. The limitation system of maritime claim liability has been revised and perfected, and the limitation system of maritime claim liability has been established. South Africa's Merchant Shipping Act 2009 absorbs the relevant provisions of international conventions on the limits of liability for maritime claims and conditions for loss of liability, especially the introduction of the excess diminishing amount system in the Convention to calculate the limits of liability, and at the same time, On the subject of responsibility and the applicable ship and maritime claim, different provisions are made according to the domestic objective development. Under the background of the rapid development of the world shipping industry, the communication between South Africa and China in shipping business is becoming more and more frequent. With the increase of maritime claims disputes, China's shipping enterprises must understand the relevant maritime systems in South Africa in order to cope with the impact and impact of the maritime system in South Africa. By introducing and analyzing the limitation system of maritime claims liability in South Africa, our shipping enterprises or other related persons choose to apply the law that is beneficial to them in time in the dispute cases of maritime liability limitation involving foreign countries in South Africa. To safeguard one's own legitimate rights and interests.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D947;DD913

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