九品官人法评述

发布时间：2018-04-21 10:40

本文选题：九品官人法 + 司徒府　；参考：《西南政法大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：九品官人法是魏晋南北朝时期的一种选官制度，它主要包括两个方面：第一是对官员的职位进行九品的区分，按照职位的重要程度从而确定这一官位所需人才的品级。它的中心是确定各种职位的任职者需要具备的人才等级。第二是由中正根据才德对士人进行品评，按序列分为九等。然后将品评结果逐级上报到司徒府，由司徒府进行审核。司徒府将审核结果交由吏部尚书作为任官的资格，吏部根据士人的品级，同时参照官位的品级，对士人进行授官。同时在中正品评和司徒府审核的过程中，如果有不同意见，则可以上书到中书省，由中书省进行裁判，或做最后的认定。九品官人法由曹魏创立，到两晋时才真正确立其作为选官制度的法律地位。本文主要从三个方面重点对对两晋九品官人法进行了简要的论述和评析。第一部分是关于九品官人法建立的历史环境，在这部分主要论述了当时的经济环境，当时的经济已经处于崩溃的边缘。政治环境可以说是大分裂期内有小的统一期。选官制度的腐败，是九品官人法建立的制度基础。表现为选官的腐败、以名取人和以族取人。第二部分是论述九品官人法的组织结构和其运作机制，在这部分主要阐述了司徒、吏部尚书、中书省和中正各自的职能。同时对其运作机制做了简要叙述，中正和司徒府负责品评士人，吏部按照中正的品状，量人授职。中正则是起到监督和制衡的作用。第三部分则是简要评析了九品官人法，与门阀世家的结合，使得九品官人法彻底走向了贵族化，，成为一种贵族制度。这就对官员官阶产生了影响，主要表现为使得官吏分离和胥吏的出现。对于九品官人法的消亡主要从其弊端和中正职能的变化进行了评析。科举制的萌芽主要表现在落第者的出现和自由投考的出现。九品官人法作为一个承上启下的选官制度，对科举制有很大借鉴意义。九品官人法作为选官制度对世风和教育的影响作用也是很大的。
[Abstract]:The law of nine-grade officials is a system of selecting officials in the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern dynasties. It mainly includes two aspects: first, it distinguishes the positions of officials by nine articles, and determines the grade of talents needed by this official position according to the important degree of the position. Its center is to determine the level of talent required for the incumbents of various positions. The second is by Zhongzheng according to Caide to evaluate the scholars, according to the sequence divided into nine levels. Then the evaluation results are reported to Stu Fu step by step, and examined by Stu Fu. According to the rank of the scholars and referring to the rank of the official, the official department granted the official official. At the same time, if there are different opinions in the process of Zhongzheng Appraisal and Stu Fu's examination, they can go to Zhongshu province and judge by Zhongshu Province, or make the final determination. The law was founded by Cao Wei, and it was only in the Jin Dynasty that the law established its legal status as a system of selecting officials. This article mainly from three aspects to the Jin Dynasty nine quality official person law has carried on the brief discussion and the appraisal. The first part is about the historical environment of the establishment of the Nine official Law. In this part, it mainly discusses the economic environment at that time, at that time the economy was on the verge of collapse. The political environment can be said to have a small period of unification during the period of great division. The corruption of the system of selecting officials is the basis of the establishment of the law. It is the corruption of the election officials, taking people by name and by clan. The second part discusses the organizational structure and its operating mechanism of the Nine official Law. In this part, it mainly expounds the respective functions of Stu, the official Department of Shang Shu, the province of Zhongshu and Zhongzheng. At the same time, the operating mechanism was briefly described. Zhongzheng and Stu were in charge of evaluating the scholars. Zhongzheng is to play the role of supervision and checks and balances. The third part is a brief analysis of the nine-grade official law, and the combination of the family of the door owner, so that the law of nine quality officials to the aristocracy, become a aristocratic system. This had an impact on the rank of officials, mainly for the separation of officials and the appearance of petty officials. This paper comments on the death of Nine-quality official-person law mainly from its malpractice and the change of its function. The germination of imperial examination system is mainly manifested in the emergence of the first and free entrance examination. As a system of selecting officials, it has great significance for the imperial examination system. As a system of selecting officials, the law of Nine Pin officials also has a great influence on the world style and education.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D929;D922.1

【参考文献】