论美国司法实践对效率违约理论的态度

发布时间：2018-04-21 11:36

  本文选题：效率违约 + 司法实践　； 参考：《南京大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：效率违约理论是英美合同法领域中的一项重要内容,伴随着于西方经济分析法学的兴起,得益于普通法的制度基础,效率违约理论不断发展完善。效率违约将经济分析方法引入合同领域,弥补了单纯法律分析方法的不足,在学界产生了广泛的影响。虽然关于效率违约理论的质疑不断,但这一理论在争议中不断成熟,展现出强大的生命力。时至今日,美国对于效率违约理论的研究已经遍及效率违约理论的起源、效率违约的理论基础、理论价值、在实践中的运用等诸多方面,形成了一个较为完整成熟的体系。在具有深厚的理论价值的同时,效率违约理论的实践价值同样不容忽视。美国的许多州和联邦法院已经在审判实践中使用效率违约理论作为审理的重要依据,然而由于美国特殊的司法体系,也有一些州对效率违约理论持拒绝态度,不愿意在审判中使用该理论。因此我们有必要研究美国司法实践对效率违约理论的接纳情况,分析其接纳与拒绝的理由,从而更为全面了解效率违约的实践价值。此外,效率违约作为一项"年轻"的理论,在适用过程中必然会与既有的法律制度发生冲突,美国司法实践对这些冲突的协调同样值得我们学习借鉴。本文主要分为六章。第一章:美国的效率违约理论。本章主要介绍效率违约的基本概念,并通过波斯纳在著作中的经典论述以及科斯定理来了解效率违约理论是如何提出的。本章还对效率违约理论产生的社会背景进行了分析,试图找到效率违约唯独出现在美国的答案。第二章:对效率违约理论的拒绝,美国有关各州法院的做法。本章主要立足于美国的司法实践,通过各州拒绝接纳效率违约理论的案例,并结合学者的对该理论的批判分析这些法院拒绝的原因并作出评析。第三章:对效率违约理论的接纳,美国有关各州法院的做法。本章主要通过了解美国各州接纳效率违约理论的案例,结合学者对该理论的赞同,分析这些州接纳效率违约理论的原因并作出评析。第四章:对效率违约理论的接纳,美国联邦法院的做法。本章主要分析美国联邦法院对效率违约理论的接纳,通过联邦法院的态度来对上文中各州的做法作出评价。第五章:效率违约理论在美国司法实践的适用所生法律冲突与协调。本章主要介绍效率违约理论与美国惩罚性赔偿制度、合理预见规则、引诱违约侵权制度、违约获益赔偿责任、购买替代物规则这些制度的冲突,并分析美国司法实践在协调这些冲突的经验。第六章:美国司法实践对效率违约理论的适用对我国的启示。本章首先分析我国《合同法》中体现的效率违约规则,然后总结美国做法对我国在适用效率违约理论时在具体规则和原则方面的借鉴。
[Abstract]:The theory of efficiency breach of contract is an important content in the field of British and American contract law. With the rise of western economic analysis law, the theory of efficiency breach of contract has been developed and perfected. The efficiency breach of contract has introduced the economic analysis method into the contract field, and made up for the deficiency of the simple legal analysis method. Although the question of efficiency breach theory is constantly questioned, the theory has matured in the dispute and shows great vitality. Today, the research on efficiency default theory in the United States has spread all over the origin of efficiency default theory, the theoretical foundation of efficiency breach, theoretical value, and practice in many aspects. At the same time, the practical value of the theory of efficiency breach of contract can not be ignored. Many states and federal courts in the United States have used the theory of efficiency breach of contract in trial practice as an important basis for the trial, but there are also some of the special judicial systems in the United States. The state has rejected the efficiency default theory and is reluctant to use this theory in the trial. Therefore, it is necessary for us to study the acceptance of the efficiency default theory in the judicial practice of the United States, analyze the reasons for its acceptance and rejection, and thus more fully understand the practical value of the efficiency breach. In the process of application, it is bound to conflict with existing legal systems. The coordination of American judicial practice to these conflicts is also worthy of our learning. This article is divided into six chapters. Chapter 1: the theory of efficiency breach of contract in the United States. This chapter mainly introduces the basic concepts of efficient breach of contract, and through the classical exposition and section of Posner's works. This chapter also analyzes the social background of efficiency breach theory and tries to find the answer to the efficiency default only in the United States. The second chapter: the refusal of the efficiency breach theory and the law of the American state courts. This chapter is mainly based on the judicial practice in the United States. The state refuses to accept the case of efficiency default theory, and analyzes the reasons for the refusal of these courts with the critical analysis of the theory by the scholars. The third chapter: the acceptance of the efficiency breach theory and the practice of the American state courts. This chapter is mainly through the understanding of the cases of the acceptance of the efficiency default theory in the states of the United States and the combination of scholars. The fourth chapter: the acceptance of the efficiency breach theory and the practice of the federal court of the United States. This chapter mainly analyzes the acceptance of the efficiency default theory in the federal court of the United States, and evaluates the practice of the states in the previous article by the attitude of the federal court. The fifth chapter: This chapter mainly introduces the conflict between the efficiency default theory and the American punitive compensation system, the reasonable foreseeing rules, the lure of breach of contract infringement, the liability for the benefit of breach of contract, the purchase of the rules of substitutes, and the analysis of the coordination of the judicial practice in the United States. The sixth chapter: the Enlightenment of the application of the American judicial practice to the efficiency breach of contract theory. This chapter first analyzes the efficiency breach rules embodied in the contract law of China, and then summarizes the reference of the American practice to the specific rules and principles in the application of efficiency breach of contract theory in China.

【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D971.2;DD916
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本文编号：1782312