英国饮用水保护的法律问题研究

发布时间：2018-04-22 22:33

本文选题：饮用水 + 饮用水保护立法　；参考：《中国海洋大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：英国作为最早工业化的国家和最早制定水污染防治法的国家,曾为“先污染后治理”的发展模式付出巨大代价,此模式导致了英国历史上严重的饮用水源污染,致使传染病肆虐,严重危害人民生存的权利。由此英国开始注重依法保护关乎人民身体健康的饮用水安全。英国的饮用水保护着重于对饮用水质的保护,与中国相比,英国水源水质的法律规定更加科学,饮用水水质的规定也更符合人类健康的需求。在英国饮用水保护法的发展历程中,其与水污染防治法的关系是难以分隔却逐步分割的,因为从保护内容上,饮用水保护法与水污染防治法对水质的要求不同;从发展阶段上,饮用水保护法与水污染防治法是衔接性发展的;从服务机构上,饮用水保护与水污染防治的管理都趋向合理。这得益于英国建立的饮用水保护的法律体系。英国不断完善饮用水保护的法律制度,促进改善包括饮用水源保护区制度、监测制度、紧急处理制度和取水许可证制度在内的法律制度。饮用水安全监管机构明确合理的分工和变革发展的监管机制促进了英国饮用水保护法律的发展。借鉴英国饮用水保护法的规定,针对我国饮用水立法缺乏协调性、科学性,对于地下水源保护和饮用水应急保障的力度不够的问题,我国需要完善我国的水源水质和饮用水水质标准、加强对地表水源——河流污染的治理、加强对地下水源的污染预防与保护、建立适应市场需要的水务企业制度、结合清洁生产相关立法促进饮用水安全的保障、制定我国饮用水保护的专门立法《饮用水法》、完善饮用水水源保护区制度和饮用水水质监管制度和建立饮用水保障应急制度。
[Abstract]:Britain, as the earliest industrialized country and the earliest country to formulate the water pollution prevention and control law, paid a huge price for the development model of "pollution first and then remediation", which led to the serious pollution of drinking water sources in the history of Britain. The infectious diseases are rampant and the people's right to live is seriously endangered. From this, Britain began to pay attention to the law to protect the health of the people's drinking water safety. Britain's drinking water protection focuses on the protection of drinking water quality. Compared with China, the British source water quality regulations are more scientific, and the drinking water quality regulations are more in line with human health needs. In the course of the development of the British drinking water protection law, the relationship between the law and the water pollution prevention and control law is difficult to be separated but gradually separated, because from the protection content, the drinking water protection law and the water pollution protection law have different requirements on water quality. The drinking water protection law and the water pollution prevention and control law are developed linearly, and the management of drinking water protection and water pollution prevention and control tend to be reasonable from the service organization. This has benefited from the legal system established in the United Kingdom for the protection of drinking water. The United Kingdom has continuously improved the legal system for the protection of drinking water, promoting the improvement of the legal system, including the system of drinking water protection areas, the monitoring system, the emergency treatment system and the water intake permit system. The clear and reasonable division of labor and the reform and development of the regulatory mechanism of drinking water safety have promoted the development of drinking water protection laws in Britain. In view of the lack of coordination and scientific nature of drinking water legislation in our country, and the insufficient protection of underground water sources and emergency protection of drinking water for reference to the provisions of the British drinking water protection law, Our country needs to perfect the water quality and drinking water quality standard of our country, strengthen the control of surface water source-river pollution, strengthen the pollution prevention and protection of underground water source, and establish the water enterprise system to meet the needs of the market. Combined with the legislation related to clean production to promote the safety of drinking water, the special legislation of drinking water protection, the drinking water law, the system of drinking water source protection protection, the supervision system of drinking water quality and the emergency system of drinking water security are formulated.
【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D956.1;DD912.6

【引证文献】