美国农业反垄断豁免制度研究

发布时间：2018-04-26 21:28

本文选题：农业反垄断豁免 + 制度价值　；参考：《湖南大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：在美国农业反垄断豁免制度的形成过程中，铁路、公司和农业生产者及其合作社起了决定性作用。该制度得以确立和实施的历史背景是，美国的农业已经完成了市场化进程，农业合作社已经在数量、规模和合作理念方面取得了相当的成就，农业面临着特殊的自然风险和市场风险，农业生产者面临着强大中间商的市场压力，以及农业生产者为对抗以公司形式组织起来的中间商而开展了农业合作社运动。尽管在《谢尔曼法》的立法过程中，立法者充分考虑了农业生产者及其合作社的反垄断法律地位，但该法却未能规定包括农业豁免制度在内的任何反垄断豁免制度；《克莱顿法》第6章概括性规定了农业反垄断豁免制度，，但其因存在缺陷和不足，而不能有效地满足农业合作生产实践的需求；被誉为“农业合作社大宪章”的《凯普—沃斯蒂德法》、《1926合作交易法》、《渔民联合交易法》和《罗宾逊—帕特曼法》的颁布以及大量判例法的形成，使得美国农业反垄断豁免制度趋于完善。该制度的价值，包括公平价值和效率价值，其中公平价值又包括机会公平价值和结果公平价值。该制度的实体规则，包括适用范围规则、组织要件、成员要件、行为要件和有关农业合作社垄断地位的规则。该制度的控制模式，包括其特有的行政控制模式以及该行政控制模式与司法控制模式之间的关系。鉴于我国与美国在农业方面的相似性，美国农业反垄断豁免制度对我国的借鉴意义是，我国应当以专门的立法，确立积极授权的和有限的农业反垄断豁免制度，并保障反垄断法的有效实施。
[Abstract]:In the formation of agricultural antitrust exemption system in the United States, railways, companies and agricultural producers and their cooperatives played a decisive role. The historical background of the establishment and implementation of the system is that the agricultural industry in the United States has completed the process of marketization, and agricultural cooperatives have made considerable achievements in terms of quantity, scale and concept of cooperation. Agriculture is faced with special natural risks and market risks, agricultural producers are facing the market pressure from powerful middlemen, and agricultural producers have launched the agricultural cooperative movement in order to confront the middlemen organized in the form of companies. Although in the legislative process of the Sherman Act, legislators took full account of the antitrust legal status of agricultural producers and their cooperatives, However, the Act failed to provide for any anti-monopoly exemption system, including the agricultural exemption system. Chapter 6 of the Clayton Act provided for the agricultural anti-monopoly exemption system in a broad sense, but it was flawed and inadequate. But can not meet the demand of agricultural cooperative production practice effectively; The promulgation of the Cardinal Carta of Agricultural Cooperatives, the 1926 Cooperative Trading Act, the Joint Fisherman Act and the Robinson Patterman Act, as well as the formation of a great deal of case law, So that the agricultural antitrust exemption system in the United States tends to improve. The value of the system includes fair value and efficiency value, and fair value includes opportunity fair value and result fair value. The substantive rules of this system include the rules of scope of application, the elements of organization, the elements of membership, the elements of behavior and the rules concerning the monopoly status of agricultural cooperatives. The control mode of the system includes its unique administrative control mode and the relationship between the administrative control mode and the judicial control mode. In view of the similarities between China and the United States in agriculture, the agricultural antitrust exemption system of the United States is of great significance to our country, that is, we should adopt special legislation to establish an active and limited agricultural antitrust exemption system. And to ensure the effective implementation of the anti-monopoly law.
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D971.2;DD912.4;DD912.29

【引证文献】