出土文献所见汉初傅籍制度研究

发布时间：2018-04-27 17:41

本文选题：出土文献 + 汉初　；参考：《华东政法大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：汉代在中国历史上占据着重要的地位。自战国时代以来，中国社会经济、政治、文化等在发展过程中第一次出现了鼎盛局面，著名的“文景之治”便发生在这一时期。探究这一现象背后的深层次原因，我们不得不从西汉政权建立伊始所确立的那些制度入手。汉初，政府在“内忧外患”的背景下实行的制度有很多，，诸如占年制度、户籍制度、土地制度、继承制度等等。但这些制度大多是以傅籍制度为前提或者是为傅籍制度服务的。所谓“傅籍制度”就是将符合一定标准的适龄人口登记在册作为国家征发徭役、兵役依据的一项社会经济管理制度。这一制度对汉初政府在构建严密的等级社会、防御外敌入侵、巩固新生的国家政权、组织社会经济建设等国家对内、对外职能的履行方面发挥着不可替代的作用，对推动汉初社会的社会经济发展和国家的长治久安起到了重要的作用。睡虎地秦墓竹简与张家山汉简均见《傅律》法律篇目，足见当时政府对傅籍制度的重视程度。因此，研究汉初的傅籍制度，对于研究西汉初年经济繁荣的成因、等级社会的构建、授田制和继承制度的运行、以及后代徭役与兵役制度的演变过程等具有重要的学术意义，对于研究今天国家职能的履行、国家与公民的权利义务分配以及兵役制度的改革也有一定的现实意义。以往由于史料的残缺，学者对汉初傅籍制度的内容和功能始终缺乏全面深入的了解，秦汉一批出土文献的发现与公布为推动这一领域的研究创造了条件。本文所称“出土文献”是指湖北云梦睡虎地秦墓竹简、湖南里耶竹简、湖北江陵张家山汉简等出土文献。“汉初”一词，本无确切概念，本文依据材料中最晚的张家山汉简《二年律令》为截止时间，故所称“汉初”是指从西汉建立到吕后二年，即公元前202年1到公元前186年这一时间段。为系统介绍西汉初年的傅籍制度，全文结构及主要内容如下：第一部分“汉初傅籍制度的渊源”，介绍汉以前傅籍制度的概况；第二部分“汉初傅籍的标准及时间”，从年龄、身高及身体发育状况、爵位三个方面介绍汉初傅籍的标准。关于汉初傅籍的时间，指出傅籍与人口登记的时间是一致的，都是在每年的八月；第三部分“傅籍者的权利与义务”，介绍平民的义务与贵族的特权；第四部分“傅籍与占年、户籍的关系”，探讨傅籍变动对占年和户籍的影响；第五部分“傅籍的意义”，说明傅籍制度是授田制能够有效运转的保障和维系爵位继承制度的基本前提。本文拟通过将出土文献与传世文献相结合,运用法学、历史学、文字学等研究方法全面揭示西汉初年傅籍制度的概貌及其与占年、户籍、土地、继承等制度之间的关系。
[Abstract]:Han Dynasty occupies an important position in Chinese history. Since the warring States period, China's social economy, politics, culture and so on appeared for the first time in the development process the prosperous situation, the famous "Wen Jing Rule" took place in this period. To explore the deep reasons behind this phenomenon, we have to start with the institutions established at the beginning of the establishment of the Western Han regime. In the early Han Dynasty, the government carried out many systems under the background of "internal and external troubles", such as occupation system, household registration system, land system, inheritance system and so on. However, most of these systems are based on the Fourier system or serve for the Fourier system. The so-called "Fu nationality system" is a social and economic management system which takes the registration of the population of the appropriate age as the basis of the state's recruitment and corvee and military service. This system played an irreplaceable role in building a tight hierarchical society, preventing foreign enemies from invading, consolidating the new state power, organizing social and economic construction, and so on. It played an important role in promoting the social and economic development of the early Han Dynasty and the long-term stability of the country. Bamboo slips of Qin Tomb in Shuihudi and Han Bamboo slips of Zhangjiashan are listed in Fu Law, which shows that the government attached great importance to Fu Ji system at that time. Therefore, it is of great academic significance to study the causes of economic prosperity in the early Han Dynasty, the construction of hierarchical society, the operation of the system of granting land and inheritance, and the evolution of the system of corvee and military service. It is also of practical significance to study the implementation of state functions today, the distribution of rights and obligations between the state and citizens and the reform of military service system. In the past, due to the incomplete historical data, scholars always lacked a comprehensive and in-depth understanding of the content and function of the Fu system in the early Han Dynasty. The discovery and publication of a number of unearthed documents in the Qin and Han dynasties created conditions for promoting the research in this field. The unearthed documents refer to the bamboo slips unearthed from Qin Tomb of Yunmeng Tiger Land, Hunan Liye bamboo slips, Hubei Jiangling Zhangjiashan Han bamboo slips and other unearthed documents. The term "early Han Dynasty" has no definite concept. In this paper, according to the deadline of the last Zhangjiashan Han slips, the "early Han Dynasty" refers to the period from the establishment of the Western Han Dynasty to the second year of Luhou. The period from 1 BC to 186 BC. In order to introduce the Fourier system in the early years of the Western Han Dynasty, the structure and main contents of the paper are as follows: the first part, "the origin of the Fourier system in the early Han Dynasty", the general situation of the Fourier system before the Han Dynasty, the second part, "the Standard and time of Fu in the early Han Dynasty", from the age, Height and physical development, knighthood three aspects of the introduction of the early Han Fu Ji standards. With regard to the time of the early Han Dynasty, it is pointed out that the time of Fourier and population registration is the same, both in August of each year; the third part, "the rights and obligations of the Fourier," introduces the duties of the common people and the privileges of the aristocrats; the fourth part, "Fu Ji and Zhang Yian," The fifth part, "the meaning of Fu Ji", shows that the Fu nationality system is the guarantee of the effective operation of the land grant system and the basic premise of maintaining the inheritance system of title. By combining the unearthed literature with the handed down literature, this paper intends to comprehensively reveal the general picture of the Fourier system in the early Western Han Dynasty and its relationship with the system of occupation, household registration, land, inheritance and so on by using the research methods of law, history and philology.
【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D929

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