论哈贝马斯法律观的形成

发布时间：2018-04-27 20:48

本文选题：批判理论 + 语言学转向　；参考：《中国海洋大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：早期法兰克福学派对资本主义社会现实开展过激烈的批判,主要从西方工业文明的意识形态和工具理性两个角度进行。哈贝马斯继承了法兰克福学派的批判精神,并在前人研究的基础上明确了“物化世界”的社会现实。哈贝马斯借鉴韦伯关于合理性的考察与分类,形成了自己独特的以交往理性为基点,以交往行为理论为核心的批判理论。哈贝马斯认为,通过意识哲学的规范来解读现代西方的现代性问题已经不可行。为实现对自己理论的论证,哈贝马斯首先实现了方法论上的语言学转向,进而用普遍语用学和商谈伦理学为交往行为的实现提供可能性,最后将生活世界作为交往行为实现的理想境域。随后,哈贝马斯由理论转向了实践。他首先对资本主义社会危机进行了深刻地剖析,得出资本主义社会危机主要表现在经济危机、合理化危机、合法性危机和动机危机。他认为导致资本主义社会危机的原因是多方面的,并且认为由系统对生活世界的殖民化所导致的合法性危机是现代社会的主要困境,并进一步认为法律的合法性缺失是社会合法性危机的重要原因。因此,哈贝马斯将关注的重点投向了法律领域。通过对西方资本主义法治社会进行分析,他认为西方现代法律有自由主义法范式和福利法范式两种范式,而这两种范式都割裂了私人领域与公共领域,生活世界与系统以及市民社会与政治国家之间的内在联系。他认为要想从根本上逃脱困境,必须找一条新的思路,解决之道就在于寻求确保合法之法生成的途径。基于此,他提出了程序主义法律新范式。他认为只有所有相关的人们,借助人们语言交流的有效性和达成特定规范共识的可能性,通过平等、自由的理性协商与话语论证,通过意志协调达成规范共识,从而形成作为法律的规则才是合法之法。为了程序主义法律范式这种美好的制度设想能够在现实层面具有可操作性,哈贝马斯对德沃金诠释学建构主义转向的思路进行了批判与借鉴,发现了一种能够提供最终论证的法律论辩理论——法律商谈,并利用法律商谈给程序主义法范式的运作提供了途径。至此,形成自己独特的程序主义法律观。
[Abstract]:The early Frankfurt School criticized the reality of capitalist society from the perspectives of ideology and instrumental rationality of western industrial civilization. Habermas inherits the critical spirit of Frankfurt School and clarifies the social reality of materialized world on the basis of previous studies. Habermas drew on Weber's investigation and classification of rationality and formed his own critical theory based on communicative rationality and centered on communicative behavior theory. Habermas believes that it is no longer feasible to interpret the modernity of modern West through the norms of philosophy of consciousness. In order to demonstrate his own theory, Habermas first realized the linguistic turn in methodology, and then provided the possibility for the realization of communicative behavior with universal pragmatics and negotiation ethics. Finally, the world of life is regarded as the ideal realm for the realization of communicative behavior. Then Habermas turned from theory to practice. Firstly, he deeply analyzed the crisis of capitalist society, and concluded that the crisis of capitalist society was mainly manifested in economic crisis, rationalization crisis, legitimacy crisis and motivation crisis. He believed that the causes of the crisis in capitalist society were manifold and that the crisis of legitimacy resulting from the colonization of the living world by the system was the main dilemma of modern society. And further think that the lack of legitimacy of the law is an important reason for the crisis of social legitimacy. Therefore, Habermas will focus on the legal field. Through the analysis of the western capitalist society under the rule of law, he thinks that there are two paradigms of western modern law: liberalism and welfare law, and these two paradigms have separated the private and public spheres. The relationship between the living world and the system and between civil society and political state. He thinks that if we want to escape from the dilemma fundamentally, we must find a new way of thinking. The solution lies in finding a way to ensure the generation of legal law. Based on this, he proposed a new paradigm of procedural law. He believes that only all the people concerned can reach a normative consensus through equal, free rational consultation and discourse argumentation, with the help of the effectiveness of human language communication and the possibility of reaching a consensus of specific norms. Thus the formation of the rules as a law is the legal law. In order to realize the feasibility of procedural legal paradigm, Habermas criticizes and draws lessons from Dworkin's constructivist approach to hermeneutics. A kind of legal argumentation theory, legal negotiation, which can provide the final argumentation, is found, and the use of legal negotiation provides a way for the operation of the procedural legal paradigm. At this point, the formation of their own unique legal view of procedural doctrine.
【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D909.1

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