环境权之法理分析

发布时间：2018-04-27 20:34

本文选题：环境权 + 性质　；参考：《湘潭大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：20世纪以来,各种环境灾害频繁发生,人类生存的环境日益恶化。环境权便是在这样的背景下产生的,它的产生为人类应对日益严重的环境危机提供了新的契机。我国关于环境权的研究始于20世纪80年代,至今仍没有形成完全的理论自觉。这一切的理论贫弱,都为环境权的进一步实现构筑了一道道屏障。环境权作为一项新型权利,它有别于传统的权利类型,难以完全划分到公法和私法的权利体系中去。环境权是以“社会”为本位,以“实质正义”为价值目标,以“社会公共利益”为指向的,它符合社会权的本质特征,因此环境权的性质是一项社会权。作为社会权的环境权,它的主体应是人类社会。在环境危机面前,整个人类社会和自然体都是直接的受害者,但是自然体不能成为环境权的主体。自然体权利本质上属于道德权利,在法律的语境下自然体不能享有权利。这里的“人类社会”是一个整体性概念,又可细分为若干子主体:自然人、法律上的拟制人以及国际法视野下的国家,自然人又包括当代人和后代人。环境权的客体是自然环境的“生态品质”。环境要素不能成为环境权的客体,它属于资源权的客体。自然环境的“生态品质”是指自然环境处在一种平衡的状态中,只有在这种状态下,自然环境才能更好地发挥它对人类社会生存与发展的基础性作用。环境权的内容包括环境享受权、环境知情权和环境参与权。环境享受权包含两个方面的内容,一方面是基于基本的安全、生存、发展需要,享有的无污染的环境的权利;另一方面是基于精神层面的需求,享有优美的环境的权利。环境知情权是指环境权主体有权利知道其所居住的有关环境状况的信息,政府履行对环境信息的披露义务,弥补了环境权主体的信息不对称。环境参与权是指环境权的主体对于国家的环境立法、环境政策的制定以及环境保护享有积极参与的权利。通过对环境权的法理分析,进一步廓清环境权的全貌,使环境权成为人们实实在在享有的权利类型,从而为环境权的进一步实现作好理论上的铺垫。
[Abstract]:Since the 20 ~ (th) century, various kinds of environmental disasters have occurred frequently, and the living environment of human beings has been deteriorating day by day. Environmental right comes into being under this background, which provides a new opportunity for mankind to deal with the increasingly serious environmental crisis. The research on environmental rights in China began in 1980's and has not yet formed a complete theoretical consciousness. All these theories are poor and weak, all for the further realization of environmental rights to build a barrier. As a new type of right, environmental right is different from the traditional type of right, and it is difficult to be completely divided into the system of public law and private law. The environmental right is based on "society", takes "substantial justice" as the value goal, and "social public interest" as the direction. It accords with the essential characteristic of social right, so the nature of environmental right is a social right. As the environmental right of social right, its main body should be human society. In the face of environmental crisis, the whole human society and natural body are direct victims, but natural body can not become the subject of environmental rights. The natural body right belongs to the moral right in essence, and can not enjoy the right in the legal context. The concept of "human society" is a holistic concept, which can be subdivided into several sub-subjects: natural person, legal fictitious person and state under the international law, and natural person includes present and future generations. The object of environmental right is the ecological quality of natural environment. Environmental elements can not be the object of environmental right, it belongs to the object of resource right. The "ecological quality" of the natural environment means that the natural environment is in a state of balance. Only in this state, can the natural environment play a better role in the survival and development of human society. The content of environmental right includes environmental enjoyment right, environmental right to know and environmental participation right. The right to enjoy the environment includes two aspects, one is based on the basic security, survival, development needs, enjoy the right to a non-polluting environment; on the other hand, based on the spiritual needs, enjoy the right to a beautiful environment. The environmental right to know means that the subject of environmental right has the right to know the information about the state of the environment in which he lives. The government fulfils the obligation to disclose the environmental information and makes up for the asymmetry of the information of the subject of environmental right. The right of environmental participation refers to the right of the subject of environmental right to actively participate in the national environmental legislation, the formulation of environmental policy and the protection of the environment. Through the legal analysis of the environmental right, the author further clarifies the whole picture of the environmental right, and makes the environmental right become the real type of rights enjoyed by people, thus laying a good theoretical foundation for the further realization of the environmental right.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D90

【参考文献】