列宁的社会主义法治思想及其现实启示

发布时间：2018-04-30 05:20

  本文选题：列宁 + 社会主义法治思想　； 参考：《曲阜师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：列宁的社会主义法治思想是列宁主义理论体系的重要组成部分,是列宁在领导苏俄人民进行无产阶级革命和社会主义法治建设的过程中将马克思、恩格斯法学理论与苏俄实际相结合的伟大理论成果,是马克思主义法学史上璀璨夺目的瑰宝。作为社会主义法治的缔造者,列宁十分重视法治的作用,主张用法律管理国家,建立完备的社会主义法律体系以保障社会主义事业的顺利进行。其社会主义法治思想内涵丰富,富有理性精神和人文关怀,对当代中国法治现代化建设具有十分重要的现实启示。论文从列宁的经典著作着手,在前人研究成果的基础上,从四大部分对列宁的社会主义法治思想进行了较为全面系统的研究。第一大部分为列宁社会主义法治思想的形成发展,分析了该思想形成的理论渊源和实践背景以及形成发展历程。第二大部分为列宁社会主义法治思想的主要内涵,阐释了列宁关于立法、处理党法关系、司法、守法、法制监督等方面的思想,是文章的重点部分。列宁在探索走法治道路过程中意识到立法工作是社会主义法治建设的基本前提,因而他高度重视立法的作用,提出了立法工作中的民主性、统一性、创新性原则以及提高立法质量和水平的基本要求。在处理党法关系问题上,列宁强调一方面社会主义建设必须坚持党的领导,另一方面强调执政党也要在宪法、法律允许范围内活动,没有超越法律的任何特权,党员特别是党员干部要带头守法。关于司法,列宁首先分析了司法权的独立是司法独立的逻辑起点,司法机关独立行使权力是司法独立的实践要求,为了提高司法机关的工作水平,列宁主张建立一支高素质的司法队伍。在守法层面上,列宁主张全民都要遵守苏维埃的法律,树立宪法至上的法治观念,坚持法律面前人人平等的原则,并通过多种途径提高全民守法的自觉性。为了保障全面落实社会主义法治建设,列宁非常重视对法治运行的制约和监督,特别提出对作为苏维埃战斗机关的司法机关的监督,同时发挥工农群众在法律实施中的监督作用,树立党和法律的权威。第三大部分是列宁社会主义法治思想的历史贡献,包括该思想的理论创新和实践效果,也是文章的创新之处。在马克思主义法学史上,列宁首次揭示了社会主义法治的本质、阐明了社会主义法治的全面系统性、厘清了社会主义法治中的党法关系。正是在列宁社会主义法治思想的指导下,苏俄法治建设成效显著,有效巩固了无产阶级革命政权,促进了社会主义民主建设,提升了布尔什维克党的质量和水平,推动了社会主义经济的恢复和发展,为其他社会主义国家的法治建设提供了有益借鉴。第四部分是列宁社会主义法治思想对建设法治中国的现实启示。列宁的法治思想启示我们:一是重视立法质量,实现从加速立法向精细立法转变;二是实现依法执政,改善党对社会主义法治工作的领导;三是确保公正司法,维护社会公平正义;四是推进全民守法,坚持法制教育与法治实践相结合。
[Abstract]:Lenin's socialist ideology of the rule of law is an important part of the theoretical system of Lenin's doctrine. It is a result of Lenin's great theory that Marx, Engels's theory of law and Soviet Russia are combined in the process of leading the proletarian revolution and the construction of the socialist rule of law by the Soviet Russian people. It is a bright future in the history of Marx doctrine in the law of law. As the founder of the socialist rule of law, Lenin attaches great importance to the role of the rule of law, advocates the use of law to manage the country and establish a complete socialist legal system to ensure the smooth progress of the socialist cause. The socialist rule of law has a rich connotation, rational spirit and humanistic care, and the modernization of the rule of law in contemporary China. The thesis has a very important practical inspiration. Starting with the classic works of Lenin and on the basis of the achievements of the predecessors, the thesis makes a comprehensive and systematic study of Lenin's socialist ideology of the rule of law from four parts. The first part is the development of Lenin's socialist ideology of the rule of law, and analyses the theoretical origin of the formation of the thought. The second part is the main connotation of Lenin's socialist rule of law thought, which explains Lenin's Thoughts on legislation, dealing with the relationship of the party and law, judicature, law-abiding, legal supervision and so on. It is the key part of the article. In the course of exploring the path of the rule of law, Lenin realized that the legislative work is the socialist law. On the basis of the basic premise of construction, he attaches great importance to the role of legislation and puts forward the basic requirements of democracy, unity, innovation and improving the quality and level of legislation in the legislative work. On the issue of dealing with the relationship between the party and law, Lenin emphasizes that on the one hand socialist construction must adhere to the leadership of the party, and on the other hand, the ruling party also emphasizes the ruling party. In the constitution, the law allowed within the scope of activities, no privileges beyond the law, Party members, especially party members and cadres should take the lead in the law. In justice, Lenin first analyzed the independence of the judicial power is the logical starting point of judicial independence, the independent exercise of power by the judiciary is the practical requirement of the independence of the judiciary, in order to improve the working water of the judicial organs. At the level of law-abiding, Lenin advocated that all the people should abide by the Soviet law, set up the constitutional concept of the rule of law, adhere to the principle of equality before the law, and improve the consciousness of the whole people to abide by the law in a variety of ways. In order to guarantee the full implementation of the socialist rule of law, Lenin advocated the establishment of a high-quality judicial team. Rather, it attaches great importance to the restriction and supervision of the operation of the rule of law, especially the supervision of the judicial organs of the Soviet Combat organs, the supervision of the masses of workers and peasants in the implementation of the law, and the establishment of the authority of the party and the law. The third part is the historical contribution of Lenin's socialist thought of the rule of law, including the theoretical innovation and innovation of the thought. In the history of Marx's law law, Lenin first revealed the essence of the socialist rule of law, clarified the overall systematicness of the socialist rule of law and clarified the relationship between the party and law in the socialist rule of law. Under the guidance of Lenin's socialist rule of law, the construction of the rule of law in Soviet Russia was remarkable. It has consolidated the revolutionary political power of the proletariat, promoted the construction of socialist democracy, promoted the quality and level of the Bull J Vic party, promoted the recovery and development of the socialist economy, and provided useful reference for the construction of the rule of law in other socialist countries. The fourth part was that the socialist socialist rule of law thought on the construction of the rule of law in China by Lenin. Lenin's idea of the rule of law enlightens us: first, we should attach importance to the quality of legislation and realize the transformation from accelerated legislation to fine legislation; two, to realize the rule of law and to improve the party's leadership in the work of socialist rule of law; the three is to ensure fair judicature and maintain social fairness and justice; four is to promote the law of the whole people, and to adhere to the practice of legal education and the rule of law. Close.

【学位授予单位】：曲阜师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D920.0

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