黄宗羲《明夷待访录》启蒙法律思想研究

发布时间：2018-05-05 02:25

本文选题：启蒙法律思想 + 天下为主　；参考：《辽宁大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：黄宗羲是我国明末清初的伟大启蒙思想家。面对明朝灭亡，清朝崛起，他在总结明朝灭亡的教训中，开始系统地对运行两千多年中国封建政治和法律制度进行反思，他逐渐发现明朝灭亡不是一种偶然现象，而是中国封建政治和法律制度腐朽使然。他对中国封建千百年来奉为圣明政治法律观念和制度，进行了彻底地批判，并破天荒地提出了一系列具有颠覆性和创新性政治法律思想，诸如，他提出了极具现代意识的民主、法治和权力分立思想，这些新思想与正在兴起的欧洲启蒙思想家的法律思想具有惊人的相似之处。本文以《明夷待访录》依据，对黄宗羲的启蒙法律思想进行系统梳理研究，希求探索中国近代法律思想起源，并寻找人类在由封建制向近代社会演进过程中对法律基本问题具有共性的法律思想和法律制度的设计。从而加深黄宗羲启蒙法律思想内容和价值的再认识。本文正文是由三部分组成，首先是对黄宗羲《明夷待访录》中启蒙法律思想渊源进行考察，黄宗羲启蒙法律思想是在吸收了儒家民本和道家无君论的思想，在面临着风雨飘扬的明朝政治和不断发展的资本主义下产生的，其次，分析了家天下的起源，否定了君主专制制度，阐述了黄宗羲的“天下为主，，君为客”的思想；批判了“一家之法”的专制法律，提倡要恢复“三代之法”“天下之法”；黄宗羲针对君主专制制度提出了以“学校”制约行政权力、以“宰相”制约君主权力，以“方镇”制约中央权力，最后，黄宗羲的启蒙法律思想，体现了我国古代法律思想的民主性精华，同时也为后来的资产阶级运动提供了理论武器。黄宗羲启蒙法律思想中的民主、法治、分权思想仍给我们今天的法治建设提供了无尽的启示。
[Abstract]:Huang Zongxi was a great enlightenment thinker in late Ming and early Qing Dynasty. In the face of the death of the Ming Dynasty and the rise of the Qing Dynasty, he began to systematically reflect on the feudal political and legal system running for more than 2,000 years in the process of summing up the lessons of the death of the Ming Dynasty. He gradually realized that the demise of the Ming Dynasty was not an accidental phenomenon. It is the decay of China's feudal politics and legal system. He made a thorough criticism of the political and legal concepts and systems that China had regarded for thousands of years, and put forward, for the first time, a series of subversive and innovative political and legal ideas, such as democracy with a very modern consciousness. The new ideas of rule of law and separation of powers are strikingly similar to those of the rising European enlightenment thinkers. On the basis of "Ming Yi to be interviewed", this paper makes a systematic study of Huang Zongxi's enlightening legal thought, hoping to explore the origin of modern Chinese legal thought. We also seek the design of legal thought and legal system which have common character to the basic problems of law in the course of evolution from feudal system to modern society. In order to deepen Huang Zongxi enlighten the legal content and value of re-understanding. The text of this paper is composed of three parts. The first part is to investigate the origin of the enlightenment legal thought in Huang Zongxi's "Ming Yi to be interviewed". Huang Zongxi's enlightenment legal thought is to absorb the Confucian thought of the people and the Taoism without a monarch. In the face of the wind and rain of the Ming Dynasty politics and the continuous development of capitalism, secondly, analyzed the origin of the home world, denied the autocratic monarchy system, elaborated Huang Zongxi's thought of "the world is the main, the king is the guest"; Criticizing the autocratic law of "law of one family" and advocating the restoration of "law of three generations" and "law of the world", Huang Zongxi proposed to restrict the administrative power by "school" and the monarch power by "prime minister" in view of the autocratic monarchy system. Finally, Huang Zongxi's enlightening legal thought embodies the essence of democracy of ancient Chinese legal thought and provides a theoretical weapon for the later bourgeois movement. Huang Zongxi's enlightening thought of democracy, rule of law and separation of powers still provides us with endless enlightenment to the construction of rule of law today.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D909.2

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