群体纠纷的法律应对机制

发布时间：2018-05-05 00:01

本文选题：群体纠纷 + 防范机制　；参考：《湘潭大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：群体纠纷是指处于同一社会地位或具有同样利益的群体，因为某种共同的权益诉求而与另一群体或者个人发生的对抗状态。它包含群体纠纷所涉主体人数较多、所涉利益诉求相同、所涉主体的行为趋同、内容复杂、冲突强烈、影响广泛的特征。它本质上是群体的维权行为。但是相比一般法律纠纷来说，群体纠纷因所包含内容的复杂性和多样性以及涉及的利益广泛多样，使得这一维权行为兼具了正当性与不正当性、合法性与非法性的双重属性。同时，因主体人数众多、所造成的影响广泛，群体纠纷往往也具有高度的敏感性，存在着由利益矛盾冲突向政治矛盾冲突转化的可能。群体纠纷发生的原因有多种，利益分化及不同利益方差距的扩大是群体纠纷产生的根本原因，利益表达机制的缺陷是群体纠纷产生的直接原因，博弈心态及利益博弈的失衡是群体纠纷产生的重要原因。据此，群体纠纷法律应对机制的构建应包括以下几个部分：第一，构建群体纠纷的防范机制。针对群体纠纷产生的原因，防范机制的构建包括建立相对均衡的利益分配机制、建立健全相应的法律监督体系、完善和畅通利益表达机制以及增强弱势群体的利益博弈力量。第二，构建群体纠纷的预警机制。长期以来，，群体纠纷预警机制的缺乏使得不能较早地发现群体纠纷产生的可能，进而使得我们面对群体纠纷往往处于被动地位。预警机制的构建包括三个部分：建立覆盖面广泛、反应灵敏迅速、多元立体的群体纠纷预警网络，建立具有决策义务和调度权利的群体纠纷预警中心，建立与群体纠纷预警机制相配套的法律规范。第三，构建群体纠纷的化解机制，即诉讼机制与替代性纠纷解决机制。我国目前的群体诉讼机制由共同诉讼和代表人诉讼组成。这一群体诉讼制度由于制度的缺陷，使得实践中也存在很多问题。针对这些问题，必须要打破现有群体诉讼中对参与人数“十人”的僵化界定，扩大我国群体诉讼制度的适用范围，将群体诉讼制度的各环节细化，简化群体诉讼程序，降低诉讼成本，树立司法权威。替代性纠纷解决机制相较于诉讼解决机制来说，具有灵活性、多样性、沟通性、效益性、无门槛性的特点，使其在纠纷解决中运用得越来越多。其形式主要包括协商与和解、人民调解、法院调解、仲裁、行政救济几种。这几种机制在解决群体纠纷的过程中都或多或少地存在这样或那样的问题，这要求我们必须要完善替代性纠纷解决机制，包括正确认识群体纠纷、拓宽替代性纠纷解决机制的形式，将替代性纠纷解决机制制度化、程序化。
[Abstract]:Group dispute refers to the group in the same social status or with the same interests, because of some common rights and interests of the group and other groups or individuals to take place against the state. It contains a large number of subjects involved in group disputes, the same interest claims, the behavior of the subject converges, the content is complex, the conflict is strong, and the influence is extensive. It is essentially a group of rights action. However, compared with general legal disputes, because of the complexity and diversity of the contents and the wide variety of interests involved, group disputes have the dual attributes of legitimacy and illegality, legitimacy and illegality. At the same time, because of the large number of subjects, the influence caused by a wide range, group disputes often have a high sensitivity, there is a conflict of interests from conflict to political conflict of the possibility of transformation. There are many reasons for the occurrence of group disputes. The differentiation of interests and the widening of the gap between different interests parties are the fundamental causes of group disputes, and the defects of interest expression mechanism are the direct causes of group disputes. The imbalance of game mentality and benefit game is the important reason of group dispute. Accordingly, the construction of the legal response mechanism of group disputes should include the following parts: First, construct the prevention mechanism of group dispute. In view of the causes of group disputes, the construction of prevention mechanism includes establishing a relatively balanced benefit distribution mechanism, establishing and perfecting the corresponding legal supervision system, perfecting and unblocking the interest expression mechanism and enhancing the benefit game power of the vulnerable groups. Second, build the early warning mechanism of group dispute. For a long time, the lack of early warning mechanism of group disputes makes it impossible to find out the possibility of group disputes earlier, which makes us often in a passive position in the face of group disputes. The early warning mechanism consists of three parts: the establishment of a wide coverage, rapid response, multi-dimensional early warning network of group disputes, and the establishment of a group dispute early warning center with decision-making obligations and scheduling rights. Set up the legal norm that matches the early warning mechanism of group dispute. Third, construct the resolving mechanism of group dispute, namely litigation mechanism and alternative dispute resolution mechanism. The current group action mechanism in China consists of joint action and representative action. Because of the defects of the system, there are many problems in practice. In order to solve these problems, we must break the rigid definition of "ten persons" in the existing group litigation, expand the scope of application of the group action system in our country, refine the various links of the group action system, and simplify the group litigation procedure. Reduce litigation costs and establish judicial authority. The alternative dispute resolution mechanism has the characteristics of flexibility, diversity, communication, efficiency and no threshold, which makes it more and more used in dispute resolution. Its forms include negotiation and reconciliation, people's mediation, court mediation, arbitration and administrative relief. These mechanisms have more or less some problems in the process of resolving group disputes, which requires us to improve alternative dispute resolution mechanisms, including the correct understanding of group disputes. Widen the form of alternative dispute resolution mechanism, institutionalize and program alternative dispute resolution mechanism.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D90-052

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