当前我国量刑公正阻却的伦理困境及其出路研究

发布时间：2018-05-07 13:02

本文选题：量刑 + 量刑公正　；参考：《河南师范大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：公正是社会追求的最终目的,也是司法的生命所在,而量刑公正则是司法公正的灵魂所在。量刑公正问题无论在国内还是在国外都备受瞩目。在中国法治建设现代化迅速发展的历史进程中,正确、恰当的量刑对于法律,尤其是刑法任务的完成、立法者思想的体现、统治秩序的维护、社会公平正义的实现等都具有重要意义。但是,就像世界上不存在两片相同的树叶一样,每一个案例也都有其产生的独特性、情节的特殊性。对于法律条文的设定,我国一向秉持“宁粗勿细”的原则,这种原则虽然有助于保证多数情况下法律的实施,但却造成了我国法律条文规定过于简略和原则化,致使量刑幅度较宽,量刑弹性较大,无法从具体行为的操作上保证量刑幅度的统一,因此,量刑公正阻却问题必然存在。这给社会的和谐稳定、公平正义的实现埋下了极大的隐患。量刑公正阻却问题也成了许多学者、专家、民众进行探讨、议论的课题和话题。造成量刑公正阻却的原因是多方面的,既有法律制度本身的原因,也有量刑主体方面的原因;既有社会环境影响的原因,也有案例存在差异性与特殊性的原因。但无论是何种原因,最终都可以归结为人的原因,毕竟,法律是由人来制定和执行的,体现的是人的思想和行为;社会环境也是由人组成、维持和影响的。这一切活动始终都离不开人这个主体。因此,量刑不公现象的存在,最终的原因还是在于人,即量刑不公的核心与实质在于伦理原因——情、理、法三者无法和谐统一相处而产生的伦理矛盾造成的。解铃还须系铃人。量刑不公问题的最终出路必须依赖人的问题的解决,而人的问题的解决关键在于解决伦理问题。因此,必须首先从法律制度伦理的设计上入手,从源头上保证公正——程序公正;其次,提升量刑主体的德性修养并加强对其道德的监督,从实质上保证公正——实体公正;最后,改善社会环境对量刑公正的影响,从外部、内部同时着手,从而使情、理、法三者的关系得到正确而有效的处理,从而确保量刑公正的实现。
[Abstract]:Justice is the ultimate aim of social pursuit and the life of judicature, while sentencing justice is the soul of judicial justice. The issue of sentencing justice has attracted much attention both at home and abroad. In the historical process of the rapid development of the modernization of the construction of rule of law in China, the correct and appropriate sentencing for the completion of the task of the law, especially the criminal law, the embodiment of the legislators' thoughts, the maintenance of the ruling order, The realization of social fairness and justice is of great significance. However, just as there are no two identical leaves in the world, each case has its own uniqueness and plot particularity. With regard to the setting of legal provisions, our country has always adhered to the principle of "prefer coarse to fine". Although this principle helps to ensure the implementation of the law in most cases, it has resulted in too simple and principled provisions of our country's legal provisions. As a result, the range of sentencing is wider, the flexibility of sentencing is greater, and it is impossible to guarantee the unity of the range of sentencing from the operation of specific actions. Therefore, the problem of justice in sentencing is bound to exist. This gives the social harmony and stability, the realization of fairness and justice buried a great hidden danger. The issue of fairness in sentencing has also become a topic of discussion and discussion by many scholars, experts and the public. There are many reasons for the obstruction of sentencing justice, not only the legal system itself, but also the sentencing subject, the social environment, and the differences and particularities of cases. After all, the law is formulated and enforced by people, which embodies human thought and behavior, and the social environment is also composed, maintained and influenced by people. All these activities are always inseparable from the human subject. Therefore, the ultimate cause of the phenomenon of unfairness in sentencing lies in human beings, that is, the core and essence of unfairness of sentencing lies in ethical reasons-emotion, reason and law. The bell must also be tied to the bell. The ultimate solution to the problem of unfairness in sentencing depends on the solution of human problems, and the key to solving human problems lies in solving ethical problems. Therefore, we must start with the design of the legal system ethics, guarantee the justice and procedure justice from the source, secondly, promote the moral accomplishment of the sentencing subject and strengthen the supervision of its morality, and ensure the justice and substantive justice in essence. Finally, improve the impact of social environment on sentencing justice, from the external, internal at the same time, so that the relationship among sentiment, reason, law to be correctly and effectively dealt with, thus ensuring the realization of sentencing justice.
【学位授予单位】：河南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D90-053;D924.13

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