英国亨利二世时期令状制度变革探析

发布时间：2018-05-15 12:31

本文选题：令状 + 英国　；参考：《西南政法大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：令状，最早出现于9至10世纪，最初是国王传达命令的一种行政文书，后逐渐发展为臣民向王室法院申请司法救济的必备司法文书，不同诉讼请求所对应的令状中规定了不同的诉讼程序和审判方式，国王通过向臣民颁发对应案件类型的令状，使王室法院获得相关案件的管辖权，从而启动并保证诉讼顺利进行。作为英国法制史上一颗丰硕的智慧果实，令状制度在英国早期社会的发展中发挥了无可替代的重要作用。它不仅被国王广泛的应用于行政、司法等领域，更成为了普通法起源的核心，毫不夸张的说，这一制度影响了英国法治发展的轨迹，直到今天仍对英国社会发挥着影响。研究令状制度有助于我们理清英国中世纪政治法律发展的轨迹，具有重要的理论及现实意义。亨利二世时期是令状制度发展的重大转折点，经过亨利二世的司法改革，令状制度完成了由行政化向司法化的过渡，并最终发展成为系统规范的体系，因此本文选取了亨利二世时期作为令状制度研究的时间段，通过对这一时期令状制度发展变革的研究来探究令状制度的本质。本文包括引言和正文、结语三部分。引言部分，主要介绍了令状制度在英国法制史上的重要作用，文章选题的可行性及意义，以及国内外对令状制度的研究现状。正文共分为四个部分，第一部分亨利二世前令状制度的起源和发展，作者对令状制度的源起进行考察，介绍了令状的概念和分类，并简要阐述了令状起源的历史背景以及到亨利二世改革前的发展状况。第二部分亨利二世进行令状制度改革的内外动因，作者分析了亨利二世对令状制度进行改革的内在动力和外在条件，其中内在动力的四点亨利二世本人、传统行政令状的弊端、内外交困引发的经济拮据以及审判方式的革新是促使亨利二世进行改革的原因，外在条件的两点王权不断强大形成的政治条件以及“国王安宁”理论形成的理论条件是亨利二世改革顺利进行的外在条件。第三部分亨利二世对令状制度的具体变革是文章的重点部分，作者详细阐述了亨利二世对令状制度变革的主要措施，包括起始令状、占有诉讼令、指令令状等令状形式的制定以及令状的格式化等内容。第四部分亨利二世令状制度变革对英国带来的影响以及对我们的启示，作者分析了亨利二世令状制度改革对令状制度其后的发展和英国社会所带来影响，并从中寻找这次变革带给我们的重要启示。结语部分中，作者再次肯定了该制度在英国历史上的重要地位。本文在写作过程中综合相关史料，，以历史唯物主义为指导，从法学的角度对亨利二世时期令状制度变革进行了探析。
[Abstract]:A writ, first appearing in the9th and10th centuries, at first an administrative instrument by which the king communicated an order, and then developed into a necessary judicial instrument for subjects to apply to the royal court for judicial relief. In the writ corresponding to different litigation requests, different procedures and trial methods are stipulated. By issuing writ of the corresponding case type to the subjects, the king enables the royal court to gain jurisdiction in the relevant cases. Thus starting and ensuring the smooth progress of the proceedings. As a rich fruit of wisdom in the history of British legal system, writ system played an irreplaceable role in the development of the early British society. It is not only widely used by the king in the administrative, judicial and other fields, but also become the core of the common law origin. It is no exaggeration that this system has influenced the development of the rule of law in England, and still has an impact on the British society today. It is of great theoretical and practical significance to study the writ system for us to clear up the track of the development of political law in the Middle Ages in England. The period of Henry II was a major turning point in the development of the writ system. After Henry II's judicial reform, the writ system completed the transition from administrative to judicial, and finally developed into a system of norms. Therefore, this paper selects Henry II period as the time period to study the writ system, and probes into the nature of writ system through the research on the development and transformation of writ system in this period. This article includes introduction and text, conclusion three parts. The preface mainly introduces the important role of writ system in the history of British legal system, the feasibility and significance of this article, and the current situation of research on writ system at home and abroad. The text is divided into four parts. The first part is the origin and development of the writ system before Henry II. The author investigates the origin of the writ system and introduces the concept and classification of the writ. The historical background of the origin of writ and its development before the reform of Henry II are briefly described. The second part is about the internal and external motivation of Henry II's writ system reform. The author analyzes the internal and external conditions of Henry II's reform of the writ system, among which the four points of the internal motive power are Henry II himself, the malpractice of the traditional administrative writ. The financial constraints caused by internal and diplomatic difficulties and the reform of trial methods were the reasons for Henry II's reform. Two points of external conditions, the political conditions formed by Wang Quan and the theoretical conditions of the theory of "King's tranquility", are the external conditions for Henry II's reform to proceed smoothly. In the third part, Henry II's specific reform of writ system is the key part of the article. The author expounds in detail the main measures of Henry II's writ system reform, including initial writ, possession litigation order, etc. The formulation and formatting of a writ such as a command. In the fourth part, the author analyzes the influence of the reform of Henry II writ system on the development of the writ system and the influence of the British society. And from the search for this reform to us an important inspiration. In the conclusion, the author reconfirms the importance of the system in British history. In the process of writing, this paper, under the guidance of historical materialism, analyzes the reform of writ system in Henry II period from the angle of law.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D956.1

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