法律寻找设证推理探析

发布时间：2018-05-18 22:08

本文选题：法律寻找 + 找法思维　；参考：《华中师范大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：从逻辑理性的视域出发来审视法律寻找活动,我们可以首先确定,法律寻找活动在本质上是一种认知思维行为,它是法律适用的逻辑起点,是寻求裁决的过程、而非证立裁决的过程；而法律寻找思维活动有其特定的要素、过程与基本逻辑构架及其路径。基于这种认识,本文分三个部分来论述有关问题。第一部分主要论述法律寻找思维的要素、过程和基本逻辑构架。对于法律寻找思维而言,法律寻找活动的实质是寻找和构建司法三段论中的大前提,法律寻找思维的结构要素包括思维要素、事实要素和规范要素三个方面,法律寻找思维的过程程序包括事实提取、规范预设、归摄预判和预设修正四个环节。对于法律寻找中的设证推理而言,设证推理是法律寻找思维的基本逻辑底架,法律寻找设证推理的实质是回溯思维下的溯因推理,它具有侧重发现性、非单调性、可废止性、多元试错性和综合运用性等特性。第二部分的主要内容是对法律寻找设证推理的逻辑路径的揭示和解析。法律寻找思维活动借助可靠的逻辑路径,通过四个环节有效地构建和联接法律寻找设证推理的各个要素和前提,从而顺利地完成推导过程,得出其所寻求的答案。第一个环节是事实认定与法感修正,将具体个案固化和确认为已知的特殊；第二个环节是预设规范的提出与选择,通过假说、类比、归纳、诉诸征兆论证等逻辑方法,在不确定性中完成设证推理前提之间的创造性跨越；第三个环节是规范预设的解释推导,主要解决预设规范对案件事实的蕴涵问题；第四个环节是规范预设的修正与确认,对作为设证推理结论的预设规范进行检验、校正和确认。第三部分从逻辑和方法论两个层面出发,进一步探讨了法律寻找设证推理的理性诉求,以期提高法律寻找设证推理在认知路径和思维方式上的合理性。法律寻找设证推理首先要坚持逻辑推论的可靠性原则,从逻辑可靠性的角度出发,法律寻找的任何结论的合理性总是依赖于前提的真实性、论证的逻辑相干性和推理形式的有效性三个方面；其次,法律寻找思维要满足其恰当性的要求,这在方法论上便体现为法律寻找设证推理基于法感、因果律和诠释循环三个层面的启发性原则。
[Abstract]:From the perspective of logical rationality, we can first determine that the law seeking activity is essentially a cognitive thinking act, which is the logical starting point of the application of the law and the process of seeking judgment. The legal search for thinking activity has its specific elements, process and basic logical framework and its path. Based on this understanding, this paper is divided into three parts to discuss the relevant issues. The first part mainly discusses the elements, the process and the basic logical framework of the law seeking thinking. The essence of legal search is to find and construct the premise of judicial syllogism. The structural elements of legal seeking thinking include three aspects: thinking elements, factual elements and normative elements. The procedure of law seeking thinking includes four steps: extracting facts, standardizing presupposition, prejudgment and revising presupposition. For the case reasoning in the legal search, it is the basic logical frame of the law seeking thinking. The essence of the legal seeking reasoning is the retrospective reasoning, which has the characteristics of discovery, non-monotonicity and abrogation. The characteristics of multivariate trial and error and comprehensive application. The second part of the main content is to find the legal reasoning of the logical path of discovery and analysis. With the help of the reliable logical path, the legal search for thinking activities can effectively construct and link the four links of law to find all the elements and premises of the reasoning of establishing evidence, so as to successfully complete the derivation process and obtain the answers it seeks. The first link is the confirmation of facts and the revision of the sense of law, which solidifies and confirms the specific case as the special one known. The second link is the presentation and selection of presupposition norms, through the logical methods of hypothesis, analogy, induction, and resort to symptom demonstration, etc. The third link is the interpretation and derivation of normative presupposition, which mainly solves the problem of implicature of presupposition norm to the case facts, and the fourth link is the revision and confirmation of normative presupposition, the third part is the interpretation and derivation of normative presupposition, the fourth link is the revision and confirmation of normative presupposition. Check, correct and confirm the presupposition specification as the reasoning conclusion. The third part from the logic and methodology two levels, further discussed the rational appeal of the legal search for the reasoning of establishing evidence, in order to improve the rationality of legal reasoning in the cognitive path and mode of thinking. The principle of reliability of logic inference should be adhered to first. From the angle of logic reliability, the reasonableness of any conclusion sought by law always depends on the truth of the premise. The logical coherence of argumentation and the validity of reasoning form are three aspects: secondly, the legal seeking thinking should meet the requirements of its appropriateness, which is embodied in the methodology of legal search for evidence reasoning based on the sense of law. The heuristic principle of causality and interpretation of cycle.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D90-051

【引证文献】