司法视角下法律发现的方法论探析

发布时间：2018-05-19 16:26

本文选题：法律发现 + 法律解释　；参考：《华东政法大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：法律发现是法官司法活动不可或缺的环节，是将制定法和司法裁判有机结合，，实现由法律规则到个案判决的转换的重要法律方法之一。尽管对法律发现存在立法意义和司法意义的不同理解，然本文旨在通过对司法过程的剖析，研究法律发现如何运用于司法活动中，通过事实和法律的相互作用得出裁判结果。据此，司法视角下的法律发现主要包含两层意思：第一，指法官从现行法体系中找出那些能够适用于当下案件的法律规范或可适用的法律解释的活动；第二，在没有明确法规范或法律解释可以适用的情况下进行漏洞填补和法律续造等一系列活动。本文围绕司法视角下的法律发现，通过对法律发现的内涵、价值、具体运用等展开分析，充分挖掘法律发现在司法裁判中的方法论意义，并最终对我国司法实践中的法律发现方法的运用进行展望。围绕法律发现的相关内容，本文分为三章展开论述：第一章是关于法律发现的内涵界定和价值分析。从法律发现的二元理解和司法视角下法律发现的定位两方面界定了法律发现的内涵。并进而阐述了法律发现追求公平、正义的价值理念，保障法律稳定的作用，以及对于一般个案裁判的普适价值和对于疑难复杂案件处理的特殊价值。如此分析也遵循了从事物表层的形象感知认识事物的一般规律，为下文探究法律发现的方法论展开作铺垫。第二章是关于法律发现的方法论研究，是本文的重点。首先通过对法律发现过程的分析，论述了考夫曼的等置模式理论对三段论模式的完善，对于研究法律发现方法起到铺垫和引导的作用。然后围绕法律发现的核心问题，剖析了法律发现是规范和事实相对应的过程，法律发现的目的是找到对个案作出最公正裁判的最佳法律方案，对法律发现作出更深入的分析和研究。最后就法律发现的具体方法展开论述，包括法律解释、漏洞补充、超越法律的法的续造、利益衡量等，使法律发现的方法能更好地运用于司法裁判的实际。第三章是关于我国司法实践中的法律发现。首先从司法解释中的文义解释、司法解释中的漏洞补充、指导性案例中的法律发现、地方法院审判实践中的法律发现、司法实践中的利益衡量等五个方面介绍法律发现在我国当前司法裁判中的运用。其次，分析了司法体制、判例制度、社会需求、法官素养等因素对法官法律发现活动的影响。最后，从进一步完善司法解释体制、强化和完善指导性案例制度、深化地方法院审判指导意见的效力和作用、规范法官的自由裁量权等方面，对法律发现方法在我国司法实践中的进一步运用略作展望。
[Abstract]:The discovery of law is an indispensable link in the judicial activities of judges. It is one of the important legal methods to realize the conversion from the rule of law to the judgment of a case by organically combining the formulation law with the judicial decision. Although there are different understandings of the legislative and judicial significance of the legal discovery, this paper aims to study how the legal discovery is applied to judicial activities through the analysis of the judicial process, and to obtain the judicial results through the interaction of facts and laws. Accordingly, the legal discovery from the judicial perspective mainly contains two levels of meaning: first, refers to the judges from the current legal system to identify those applicable to the current case of legal norms or applicable legal interpretation; second, In the absence of clear legal norms or legal interpretation can be applied to fill loopholes and legal renewal and a series of activities. By analyzing the connotation, value and concrete application of legal discovery, this paper fully excavates the methodological significance of legal discovery in judicial adjudication. Finally, the application of the law discovery method in the judicial practice of our country is prospected. This paper is divided into three chapters: The first chapter is about the legal discovery connotation definition and the value analysis. The connotation of legal discovery is defined from the dual understanding of legal discovery and the orientation of legal discovery from judicial perspective. Furthermore, this paper expounds the value concept of legal discovery in pursuit of fairness and justice, the role of safeguarding legal stability, and the universal value for general case adjudication and the special value for handling difficult and complicated cases. This analysis also follows the general law of understanding things from the image perception of the surface of things, paving the way for the following research on the methodology of legal discovery. The second chapter is the methodological research on legal discovery, which is the focus of this paper. Firstly, by analyzing the process of legal discovery, this paper discusses the perfection of Kaufman's theory of equiposition mode to the syllogism model, which plays a role in paving and guiding the research of legal discovery method. Then around the core problem of legal discovery, it analyzes that legal discovery is a process corresponding to norms and facts, and the purpose of legal discovery is to find the best legal scheme to make the most impartial judgment on the case. Make more in-depth analysis and research on legal findings. Finally, it discusses the specific methods of legal discovery, including legal interpretation, loophole supplement, the continuation of law beyond the law, the measurement of interests, and so on, so that the method of legal discovery can be better applied to the practice of judicial adjudication. The third chapter is about the legal discovery in the judicial practice of our country. First of all, from the interpretation of the meaning of the judicial interpretation, the loopholes in the judicial interpretation, the legal discovery in the guiding cases, the legal findings in the trial practice of the local courts, This paper introduces the application of legal discovery in judicial judgment in five aspects: interest measurement in judicial practice. Secondly, it analyzes the influence of judicial system, case system, social demand and judges' accomplishment on the judges' legal discovery activities. Finally, from the aspects of further perfecting the judicial interpretation system, strengthening and perfecting the guiding case system, deepening the effectiveness and function of the judicial guidance opinion of the local courts, standardizing the discretion of the judges, etc. The further application of the method of legal discovery in judicial practice in China is prospected.
【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D90

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