论现代法律程序中的交涉

发布时间：2018-05-20 14:09

  本文选题：交涉 + 程序　； 参考：《苏州大学》2016年博士论文

【摘要】：交涉的基础涵义是通过协商达成解决问题的合意。协商的方式决定了平等与和平是交涉所应秉持的两项基本价值。应该说这两项价值只有在现代社会中才有实现的可能,尽管这种可能仅仅是形式上的。在之前的社会中平等与和平的交涉或许存在,但却不具有普遍意义,因为那时人的主体性还没有觉醒。人类社会步入现代之后,人的主体性得到了空前的肯认,随之价值多元成为了现代社会的普遍现象。多元价值并存一定程度上使得善恶是非的评判标准不再绝对化、权威化,而是多元化、相对化。如此一来,价值冲突成为一种常态。如何弥合这种冲突也便成为每一个现代国家都要面对的难解之题。解决这一难题,诉诸现代法律程序进路或为可行。现代程序进路之所以可行就在于,它可以为冲突各方提供一个和平对话、平等协商的交涉平台。在现代程序的保障之下,平等、和平的交涉得以实现,其对多元价值冲突解决的内在机理在于:它能够在没有预设任何价值评判标准的前提下,通过为冲突各方提供交流协商的渠道,促进各方以对话的方式达成合意,从而实现在不涉及实质价值判断的条件下弥合价值冲突。交涉的存在并发挥作用,使得程序不单是一套以时空二维表征出来的行为的方式、方法、顺序、步骤,而且体现为参与主体间以对话协商的形式表现出来的交互作用过程,表现为以交互性为特征的关系维度。这便是现代程序能够弥合价值冲突的原因所在,也是现代程序的本质所在。现代法律程序的本质在于交涉。程序正义要求交涉本身也要符合正义的标准。交涉固然有其外在价值指向,但更要符合其内在价值要求。平等与和平仅仅是交涉正义所应满足的两项基本价值要求。除此之外,交涉还应满足对等、理性、充分、有效、中立、自治、及时、止争以及作为终极关怀的人的尊严等价值要求。这便是一个正义的交涉所应满足的诸项内在价值。于实践维度来看,法治国家建设的关键在于对公权力的管控,而管控权力的重要手段就是程序。通过现代程序中交涉机制的建构,使得程序运作不再是强大的“利维坦”凭借自我意志所进行的单向行为,而是表现为在权力与权利对话协商的基础上所形成的共商共治。立法程序中的公众参与、行政程序中的决策听证、司法程序中的控辩对抗都是交涉的典型体现。面对现代社会价值多元化的现实,法治建设的程序进路是一个当然的选择,其原因就在于现代法律程序中以对话协商的相互性为特征的交涉机制的存在。中国的程序法治实践是缺乏交涉性的,这点在立法领域、行政领域以及司法领域中均有体现。究其根由,或与中国权力主导的传统法文化相关联。公权力的主导使得公民的私权利无力与之进行对话,交涉的局面始终难以形成。面对当下越来越明显的现代性特征,中国也需要交涉机制的建构,需要交涉机制来平衡权力与权利之间的关系。这不但是弥合价值冲突以缓和社会矛盾的需要,也是在现代社会中实现权力的正统性的需要。
[Abstract]:The basic meaning of negotiation is to reach a consensual agreement through consultation. The way of consultation determines the two basic values that equality and peace should be held. It should be said that the two values are only possible in modern society, although this may be merely formal. It may exist, but it does not have universal significance, because the subjectivity of the man has not yet awaken. After the human society enters the modern era, human subjectivity has been recognized unprecedentedly, and the value pluralism has become a universal phenomenon in modern society. To a certain extent, the coexistence of multiple values makes the judgment of good and evil is no absolute absolute, right. It is pluralism, but pluralism and relativity. Thus, the conflict of value becomes a normal. How to bridge this conflict will be a difficult problem for every modern country. To solve this problem, resort to modern legal procedures, or to be feasible. A peaceful dialogue, the negotiation platform for equal consultation. Under the guarantee of modern procedures, the negotiation of equality and peace is realized. The inner mechanism of the settlement of multiple value conflicts lies in that it can promote dialogue by providing communication and consultation for all parties to the conflict without the presupposition of any standard of value evaluation. To achieve a consensual way to bridge the conflict of value without referring to the substantive value judgment. The existence and function of the negotiation makes the procedure not only a set of ways, methods, order, steps, which are represented by the two-dimensional space and time, but also the interaction between the participants in the form of dialogue and negotiation. Process is the relationship dimension characterized by interactivity. This is the reason why modern procedures can bridge the conflict of values and the essence of modern procedures. The nature of modern legal procedures lies in negotiation. Procedural justice requires the negotiation itself to conform to the standard of justice. Its intrinsic value requirements. Equality and peace are only two basic requirements for justice to be met. In addition, negotiation should also meet the value requirements of equal, rational, sufficient, effective, neutral, autonomous, timely, disputing and human dignity as the ultimate concern. This is the intrinsic price of a fair negotiation. According to the practice dimension, the key to the construction of the rule of law lies in the control of public power, and the important means of controlling power is the procedure. Through the construction of the mechanism of negotiation in the modern procedure, the operation of the procedure is no longer the unidirectional behavior of the powerful "Leviathan" by the powerful "Leviathan", but it is manifested in the right and right. On the basis of the negotiation, the public participation in the legislative procedure, the decision hearing in the administrative procedure and the confrontation in the judicial procedure are the typical representations of the negotiation. In the face of the reality of the pluralistic value of the modern society, the procedural approach to the construction of the rule of law is a choice of the present, and its reason lies in the modern legal procedure. The existence of a negotiation mechanism characterized by the interaction of dialogue and consultation. The practice of the rule of law in China is a lack of negotiation, which is embodied in the legislative, administrative and judicial fields. It is rooted in it or is associated with the traditional law culture dominated by Chinese power. The leadership of public power makes the private rights of citizens weak and weak. In the face of the dialogue, the negotiation situation is always difficult to form. Facing the more and more obvious modern characteristics, China also needs the construction of the negotiation mechanism and the mechanism of negotiation to balance the relationship between power and rights. It is not only to bridge the needs of the conflict of value to alleviate social contradictions, but also to realize the orthodoxy of power in modern society. The need for sex.
【学位授予单位】：苏州大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D90-05
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本文编号：1914926