老挝环境法律管理体系及环境和社会影响评价制度同中国的比较研究

发布时间：2018-05-26 05:48

本文选题：老挝 + 环境法律体系　；参考：《河北大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：位于东南亚中南半岛的老挝人民民主共和国不仅是华夏友好邻邦,而且同时也是东盟成员国。老挝是高温多雨、物产丰富的热带、亚热带季风气候,它的金属矿产具有很大开发价值。近几十年来,老挝的经济愈来愈进步,人口增长也愈来愈迅速,同时老挝国内的生态环境也随之发生了明显的变化,主要体现在以下几方面:森林资源破损、水土流失和旱涝灾害频发等问题凸显;工业生产导致水和空气等的污染;同时由于缺少有效监视与管理,矿产资源遭到了严重破坏,这造成水源浑浊、土质破坏、农业生产受到影响;同时还伴随着许多城市环境问题的显现。在老挝,经济发展已经受到生态环境问题的制约,并且严重地影响了社会可持续发展和民生。进入21世纪之后,一个国家要想经济可持续发展,政府当局就必须重视环境,建立正确的环境管理系统。为此,老挝政府积极参与国际合作,制定和颁布了多项有关生态环境保护的政策法令与行动计划,并组建了相应的自然资源与环境部,多渠道筹集生态环境保护资金。然而,环境法律和政策体系刚刚建立,有了初步框架,但存在着诸多不足,要应对日益恶化的环境问题现行法律体系急需补充和完善。本研究围绕老挝环境法律管理体系及环境与社会影响评价制度同中国的比较中心议题,介绍了老挝生态环境问题的历史发展与现状,基于政府调控和生态环境政策的分析与评价,从环境法律管理体系主要包括环境监督管理制度和法律责任制度两方面及环境与社会影响评价制度主要包括环境与社会影响评价概念认定和相关内容两方面分别与中国进行比较,并由此提出完善老挝环境法律管理体系环境社会影响评价制度的措施及建议。文章探究了老挝当局在保护环境方面取得的成果和面临的问题,提出了作者的意见与看法,并就如何更好地保护老挝生态环境和完善管理法制,形成更为合理有效的环保体系,应对日益严峻的生态环境问题进行了深入探讨。
[Abstract]:The Lao people's Democratic Republic, located on Southeast Asia's Indochina Peninsula, is not only a friendly neighbor of China, but also a member of ASEAN. Laos is rich in tropical and subtropical monsoon climate with high temperature and rain. Its metal minerals are of great development value. In recent decades, Laos's economy has made more and more progress and its population has increased more and more rapidly. At the same time, the ecological environment in Laos has also undergone obvious changes, mainly in the following aspects: damaged forest resources. Problems such as soil erosion and frequent drought and flood disasters have been highlighted; industrial production has led to water and air pollution; at the same time, due to lack of effective monitoring and management, mineral resources have been severely damaged, resulting in turbid water sources and destruction of soil quality. Agricultural production is affected, but also with the emergence of many urban environmental problems. In Laos, economic development has been restricted by ecological and environmental problems, and has seriously affected social sustainable development and people's livelihood. After entering the 21st century, if a country wants sustainable economic development, the government authorities must attach importance to the environment and establish a correct environmental management system. To this end, the Lao Government has actively participated in international cooperation, has formulated and promulgated a number of policy decrees and action plans on ecological environmental protection, and has set up a corresponding Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment to raise funds for ecological and environmental protection through various channels. However, the environmental law and policy system has just been established, has a preliminary framework, but there are many shortcomings, to deal with the worsening environmental problems the current legal system needs to be supplemented and improved. In this study, the historical development and current situation of ecological environmental problems in Laos are introduced, focusing on the issues of the Lao environmental law management system and the environmental and social impact assessment system compared with China. Based on the analysis and evaluation of government regulation and ecological environment policy, The environmental legal management system mainly includes the environmental supervision and management system and the legal liability system, and the environmental and social impact assessment system mainly includes the concept of environmental and social impact assessment and related contents. Compared with China, The measures and suggestions of perfecting the environmental social impact assessment system of Lao environmental law management system are put forward. This paper probes into the achievements and problems of the Lao authorities in protecting the environment, puts forward the author's opinions and opinions, and discusses how to better protect the Lao ecological environment and improve the management and legal system to form a more reasonable and effective environmental protection system. The problem of ecological environment should be more and more serious.
【学位授予单位】：河北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D933.4;DD912.6

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