网络维权问题研究

发布时间：2018-05-26 05:48

本文选题：网络维权 + 舆论维权　；参考：《吉林大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文就网络维权相关的问题展开研究，意在提炼其概念的要素，对其特征做出分析，同时考察网络维权机制兴起的原因和双向作用，指出网络维权目前存在的问题并总结相应的规制方案和对策。在引入网络求助的概念下，我们很容易理解网络维权，因为后者往往借助前者再加上斗争的形式和目的。网络维权的外延涉及到几个关键要素，即：网络维权的发起者、途径、案件类型和对象。网络维权的发起者可以是权利人本人，也可以是第三人，如权利人的亲属、朋友，公益人士，还可能是热心的案件目击者，包括媒体记者。网络维权的途径主要有两种，一是以维权网站为代表的网络媒体，又可以称为新媒体；二是以社区论坛和博客（尤其是微博客）为代表的自媒体。从大的方面讲，网络维权包含了刑法、民法、经济法和行政法等诸多领域的维权案件，如房地产维权、司法维权、消费维权、劳动维权等。根据案件不同，维权对象也有差异，不同维权对象与维权主体呈现出不同强度的对比关系，越是对比明显的网络维权越容易受到关注，维权对象的焦点地位也越突出；维权对象一般处于舆论的下风，来自网络的各方面压力迫使其快速做出反应，从而使问题本身得到关注或是解决。虚拟性、隐匿性、安全性、温和性、公开性、及时性、成本低、见效快等是网络维权的特征。网络维权机制得以兴起，有以下五方面重要的原因：一是网络维权简便易行，二是网络维权可以突破地方保护网，三是网络具有舆论造势功能，四是政府对网络舆情的高度重视，五是维权机制不完善、维权渠道不畅通。网络维权作为一种新兴的维权方式，既发挥着正面的积极作用，也产生了负面的消极作用。积极作用表现在：可以引起相关方重视，促成权利维护；可以引发政府关注弱势群体和违法违规事件；有利于网民就腐败案件发挥网络检举权、监督权、表达权、参与权，满足其知情权；有利于推进司法改革；加快了某些法案的立法进程。消极作用首先是虚假维权，可能导致网络诈骗，也可能导致其他公民、组织或政府的名誉与公信力的下降；其次，人肉搜索可能引发侵权责任和道德危机；再次，对正式的维权机制产生冲击，人们突破法律框架寻求解决问题的途径，从而延缓法治进程。而网络维权的问题就恰恰是它的消极作用表现出来的，具体来说，有网络维权自身的问题，网络维权者的问题，网络平台局限性的问题和法律缺位的问题。针对这些问题，相应的对策就是：倡导网络维权与其他维权方式相结合；加强对网络维权者的维权意识、常识和伦理道德的培养；从技术支持和网络管理、精神引导方面加强网络平台的建设；进行立法跟进，加强他律。网络维权又可以称为舆论维权，因为维权的发起者以借助网络平台施加舆论压力从而得到关注和帮助为动机。在这里不能不提到媒体，媒体的产生和发挥作用是舆论的主要来源之一。以报纸等为代表的是传统媒体，互联网媒介的诞生催生了网络媒体，基于web2.0技术，微博开启了自媒体时代。在自媒体的背景下，网民的维权活动效果大大增强。事实上，当网络爆料出现时，往往三种媒体的作用是相互辅助的，结果是增加维权事件的影响力。借助网络和媒体对维权进行研究是一个崭新的视角。本文意在探讨一种可作为手段的维权方式及其相关问题，在研究过程中借鉴网络信息传播学、伦理学的成果采取个案分析法、比较法、语义分析法等多种方法进行，以期为法治建设提供非制度支持。网络维权在某种意义上是对传统维权的突破，，可是它不足以担当维权的全部角色，它只是中间环节而不是终点，不同维权方式的结合是行之有效的方案。网络平台的建设、维权者的网络维权意识、常识的培养，道德伦理的加强和法律的跟进都是网络维权更好发挥作用的题中之意。总之，网络维权的相关问题还是有很大的探讨空间的，对其研究还是很有生命力的。
[Abstract]:This paper studies the issues related to the right of the network , intends to refine the elements of its concept , analyzes the characteristics of the network , and discusses the causes and the two - way effects of the emergence of the network rights mechanism , and points out the problems of the network maintenance and summarizes the corresponding regulation schemes and countermeasures .
Second is the self - media represented by community forums and blogs ( especially micro blogs ) . From a large aspect , the network rights include the rights of rights in many fields such as the criminal law , the civil law , the economic law and the administrative law , such as the right to real estate , the right to justice , the right to consume , the right to work , etc . According to the different cases , the rights object is different , the more the different rights object and the rights subject appear the contrast relations of different intensities , the more the more obvious the network maintenance is more and more attention , the more prominent the focus position of the rights object ;
The right object is generally at the bottom of the public opinion , and the pressure from every aspect of the network forces it to react quickly , so that the problem itself is concerned or solved .
( b ) The Government ' s attention to vulnerable groups and violations of the law can be raised ;
It is beneficial to the Internet users to exert the right of network prosecution , supervision , expression and participation in the case of corruption , so as to satisfy their right to know ;
It is conducive to the advancement of judicial reform ;
Accelerating the legislative process of certain acts . Negative roles are the first to be false - rights , which may lead to cyber - fraud , and may also lead to a decline in the reputation and credibility of other citizens , organizations or governments ;
Secondly , human flesh search may lead to tort liability and moral crisis ;
Thirdly , it is precisely because of the negative role of network rights , the problems of network rights defenders , the limitation of network platform and the lack of law .
To strengthen the culture of the rights consciousness , common sense and ethics of the network defenders ;
Strengthen the construction of network platform from technical support and network management and spiritual guidance ;
Follow up the legislation to strengthen his law .

The right of the network can also be called the right of public opinion , because the sponsors of the rights of rights have received attention and help by exerting public opinion pressure with the aid of the network platform . In the context of the media , the birth of the media is the main source of public opinion . In fact , when the network explosion occurs , the role of the Internet users is greatly enhanced . In fact , when the network explosion occurs , the role of the three media is mutually supportive . As a result , the influence of the rights events is increased . The research on the rights of the rights by the network and the media is a new perspective .

This paper is intended to explore a way of safeguarding the rights and related problems which can be used as a means . In the course of the research , we draw lessons from the network information communication , the results of ethics take a case - by - case analysis method , a comparative method , a semantic analysis method and so on , with a view to providing non - institutional support for the construction of the rule of law .
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：G206;D920.4

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