中美刑事回避程序的比较研究

发布时间：2018-05-26 04:28

本文选题：刑事回避 + 回避程序比较　；参考：《东北师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：回避制度作为维护司法公正中不可或缺的一项诉讼制度，它是指承办本案的司法人员同案件有法律规定的情形时，不得参与该案件诉讼活动的一种诉讼制度。它关系到职务活动是否公正，案件能否顺利进行，当事人的合法权利能否得到保障。同时，回避程序作为回避制度的重要组成部分，回避制度的不断完善可以使回避程序在实施过程中得到保障，回避程序的有效实施也能更好的促进回避制度的不断完善。两者相辅相成，不可分割。随着经济全球一体化的发展，中国更不能单独发展，所以，借鉴各国法律也成为现在有利于我国法律发展的手段之一。由于我国刑事回避程序还存在着不足，与其他国家的回避程序作比较研究，，也有利于丰富和完善刑事回避程序。但是我们也不能完全地照搬照抄他国的法律，应根据中国国情扬长避短、取其精华、去其糟粕、以我为体、为我所用。从而更好地完善我国的法律制度，更好地服务社会。本文包括引言、论文正文和结语，共三部分。引言部分介绍了选题的缘起、完善其程序的重要性以及论文所要达致的目的。在正文部分首先对刑事回避制度及其程序的涵义、刑事回避程序的意义进行了简单的介绍，正文分为两部分，一部分明确回避制度和回避程序的概念，以及二者之间的联系。另一部分重点阐述刑事回避程序的意义。其次对中美刑事诉讼回避程序分别从刑事诉讼回避主体、回避原由、启动程序、决定程序、法律后果以及回避救济程序等六个方面进行了比较。再次探讨我国现行刑事诉讼回避程序存在的问题及完善的路径。这部分为两项内容，一是介绍了回避程序在我国现行刑事诉讼中所存在的不足，包括主体范围、回避责任等五方面存在的问题。二是根据对这些问题提出一些完善的建议。通过中外回避制度进行系统的比较分析，对借鉴和学习外国的发展优势和积极因素，列举我国现行刑事诉讼回避程序存在的问题，有针对性的提出具体的解决对策，建立适合我国国情的中国特色的社会主义回避程序，促进我国刑事程序的完善。
[Abstract]:As an indispensable litigation system in safeguarding judicial justice, the challenge system refers to a kind of litigation system in which the judicial personnel who undertake the case are not allowed to participate in the litigation activities of the case when there are legal provisions in the same case. It relates to whether the duty activity is fair, whether the case can proceed smoothly, and whether the legal rights of the parties concerned can be protected. At the same time, as an important part of the challenge system, the continuous improvement of the challenge procedure can ensure the challenge procedure in the implementation process, and the effective implementation of the challenge procedure can better promote the continuous improvement of the challenge system. The two complement each other and cannot be separated. With the development of global economic integration, China can not develop alone, therefore, drawing lessons from the laws of other countries has become one of the means in favor of the development of our country's law. Because of the deficiency of the criminal challenge procedure in our country, it is beneficial to enrich and perfect the criminal challenge procedure by comparing it with that of other countries. However, we can not copy the laws of other countries completely, we should take advantage of China's national conditions, take the essence, discard the dross, take me as the body, and use it for me. In order to better improve our legal system, better serve the society. This paper includes three parts: introduction, text and conclusion. The preface introduces the origin of the topic, the importance of perfecting its procedure and the purpose of the thesis. In the main part, the meaning of the criminal challenge system and its procedure, the meaning of the criminal challenge procedure are introduced briefly, the text is divided into two parts, one part clarifies the concept of the challenge system and the challenge procedure, and the relationship between the two. The other part focuses on the significance of criminal avoidance procedure. Secondly, this paper compares the withdrawal procedure of Chinese and American criminal proceedings from six aspects, namely, the main body of the criminal procedure, the reasons for the withdrawal, the initiation of the procedure, the decision procedure, the legal consequences and the procedure of avoidance relief. Again, this paper discusses the existing problems and the perfect path of the current criminal procedure challenge procedure in our country. This part is two contents, one is to introduce the challenge procedure in the current criminal proceedings in our country, including the scope of the main body, evading responsibility and other five aspects of the problems. Second, according to these problems put forward some perfect suggestions. Through the systematic comparative analysis of the challenge system between China and foreign countries, this paper enumerates the problems existing in the current procedure of challenge in criminal proceedings in China, and puts forward some concrete countermeasures to solve the problems by using the development advantages and positive factors of foreign countries for reference and learning. To establish the socialist avoidance procedure with Chinese characteristics, which is suitable for our country's national conditions, and to promote the perfection of the criminal procedure in our country.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D971.2;D925.2

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