唐代谏诤制度探究

发布时间：2018-05-26 04:00

本文选题：唐代 + 谏诤制度　；参考：《山东师范大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：我国古代的封建君主专制制度中有一种非常有特点的政治文化现象,这就是谏诤制度。谏诤制度历史悠久,其初创于周朝早期,发展于秦汉时期,特别是在唐代又有了新的发展。在唐代,由于当时的社会大形势需要,再加上唐代统治者和谏臣们的不断努力以及儒家思想逐渐发展完备并被封建统治阶级更好的吸收和采纳,这些都使得唐朝成为了古代谏诤制度发展史上的一个顶峰阶段,并促成了中国封建制度的大发展和大繁荣。本文选取唐代谏诤制度作为主要的研究和讨论对象,也正是因为其在中国监察言谏制度史上具有极其重要的地位。笔者选取了以下几个重点来对唐代谏诤制度进行深入的探究:首先,需要阐述一下本论文的选题理由及意义,并且稍微列举一下本选题现在的研究现状如何。之后进入正文部分:一、唐代以前谏诤制度的历史沿革。要研究一项制度,不仅要横向的分析,更要纵向的理解,所以我们要先了解一下谏的概念、谏权的产生以及谏诤的目的,以为后文更好的了解唐代谏诤制度做一个铺垫。二、唐代以前谏诤制度的发展历程。我国的封建王朝历史余千年,唐朝正处于其中间发展阶段。因此,在了解完与谏诤相关的几个基本概念之后,我们更需要纵向的分析一下唐代以前谏诤制度的发展情况,以此来比较出唐代的谏诤制度有何新的特点。三,唐代的谏诤制度及其特点。这是本文的重点部分,分四个章节进行分析:首先,论述下唐代谏诤制度的概况,从谏诤的制度设计、选任条件、实施途径三方面分析;其次,论述唐代谏诤制度的新发展,讨论了新发展的体现和原因;最后,论述了唐代谏诤制度的主要特征,这里分为三个部分:明君的殷切求谏,臣下的积极进谏,谏诤之风盛传。四,对唐代谏诤制度做一个总体评价。唐代谏诤制度的成熟在一定程度上约束了君主的个人权力,使统治阶级在制定决策时更加谨慎,降低了错误决策的出现率,但是包括唐代谏诤制度在内的中国古代监察言谏制度都是一种维护中国古代封建君主专制制度的器具,是一种缓和剂,所以其存在着很多的局限性和不足。总的来看,谏诤制度是中国古代封建君主专制制度中的进步成分,其制度中的进步成分可以为现代的行政监督工作带来很多的启示,但是其本质上仍然是为封建专制统治服务,这和西方社会的民主概念更是不能等同。
[Abstract]:There is a special political and cultural phenomenon in the feudal autocratic monarchy in ancient China, which is the admonition system. Jian Zheng system has a long history. It was founded in the early Zhou Dynasty and developed in the Qin and Han dynasties, especially in the Tang Dynasty. In the Tang Dynasty, due to the needs of the social situation at that time, coupled with the constant efforts of the rulers and ministers of the Tang Dynasty and the gradual development of Confucianism, it was better absorbed and adopted by the feudal ruling class. All these made the Tang Dynasty a peak stage in the history of the ancient Jianzheng system, and contributed to the great development and prosperity of the feudal system in China. This paper chooses the admonition system of Tang Dynasty as the main research and discussion object, which is also because of its extremely important position in the history of Chinese supervision and admonition system. The author has selected the following key points to carry on the thorough exploration to the Tang Dynasty Jian Zheng system: first, need to explain the reason and the significance of this thesis, and enumerates the present research situation of this topic slightly. Then into the text: first, the history of the Jian Zheng system before the Tang Dynasty. To study a system, we should not only analyze horizontally, but also understand vertically. So we must first understand the concept of remonstrance, the emergence of remonstrance power and the purpose of admonishing the Zheng, so as to pave the way for a better understanding of the system of admonition in the Tang Dynasty. Second, the development of admonition system before Tang Dynasty. The Tang Dynasty was in its middle stage after a thousand years of history of the feudal dynasty in China. Therefore, after understanding several basic concepts related to the admonition, we need to analyze the development of the admonition system before the Tang Dynasty vertically, so as to compare the new characteristics of the admonition system in the Tang Dynasty. Third, the admonition system of Tang Dynasty and its characteristics. This is the key part of this paper, which is divided into four chapters. Firstly, it discusses the general situation of the admonition system in the Tang Dynasty, and analyzes the system design, selection conditions and implementation methods of the admonition system. Secondly, it discusses the new development of the admonition system in the Tang Dynasty. Finally, it discusses the main characteristics of the admonition system in the Tang Dynasty, which is divided into three parts: the ardent request of the Ming emperor, the active admonition under the minister, and the popular wind of admonition. Fourth, to the Tang Dynasty admonition system to do a general evaluation. The maturity of the admonition system in the Tang Dynasty restrained the monarch's personal power to a certain extent, made the ruling class more cautious in making decisions, and reduced the occurrence rate of erroneous decisions. But the ancient Chinese supervision and admonition system, including the admonition system in the Tang Dynasty, is a kind of instrument to maintain the feudal autocratic monarchy in ancient China and a kind of moderator, so it has many limitations and shortcomings. Generally speaking, the admonition system is a progressive element in the feudal autocratic system of feudal monarchy in ancient China. The progressive elements of the system can bring a lot of enlightenment to the modern administrative supervision work, but in essence it still serves for the feudal autocratic rule. This is not equal to the concept of democracy in western society.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D929;K242

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