我国习惯法司法适用研究

发布时间：2018-05-27 15:01

本文选题：习惯 + 习惯法　；参考：《吉林大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：我国是一个具有悠久历史的文明古国,而且是一个幅员辽阔的多民族国家,各地区都有很多特殊的民俗习惯,少数民族的习惯则更加复杂。研究习惯及习惯法,正确地理解和认识习惯及习惯法,有利于更好地发挥习惯法在司法实践中的作用,有利于正确处理好习惯法与制定法的关系,有利于我国社会主义法律体系的统一、规范、协调和完善。首先从正确理解习惯与习惯法进行说明,并从正当性与合法性两个方面分析说明习惯法是独立的法律渊源,而后从实然的角度说明不同时期习惯法在中国法中的地位及其成因,最后得出结论,即习惯法在中国法中的应有地位及习惯与习惯法在司法中的具体适用规则。习惯是随着人类群体的发展,基于特定的需求,而在民间的共识下,经过长久的惯行,所逐渐形成共同遵守的准则。习惯的成立,客观上,须满足在一定范围内的社会上的一般人,在相当期间内,就同一事项,反复为同一行为；主观上,习惯须通过一种社会心理压力得到社会一般人的认同,并且依此习惯作为其行为模式,而具有事实上的规范力。习惯属于广义上的规则范畴,但并不能称之为法,而习惯法由于具备了特定的“合法性”而可以称之为法。习惯法的效力来源于满足一定的要件,而非法院的认定。且其成立要件与生效要件亦要作区分。由于制定法的弊端,习惯法的作用便显得俞发重要。现代法治对完善的法律渊源体系的要求、习惯法“自生性”及其与制定法的互动关系、中国法官的处境等现实的功能需求都决定了习惯法应当成为独立的法律渊源。同时,习惯法也符合马克思主义法学定义,可以被之为法,且满足法律渊源的一般特征,再加之习惯法自身的“合法性”,都说明习惯法作为独立的法律渊源的合法性。综观中国历史的各个时期,对于如何对法作定义,如何看待习惯法的性质及其成立要件,如何看待法律渊源体系的结构等问题的回答是不同的,以致于对习惯法的地位和作用如何的回答也是不同的。清楚了习惯法作为独立法律渊源的正当性及合法性,也清楚了习惯法在中国各个时期的地位和作用,在反思的基础上得出简单的结论,即关于习惯法在当今中国的应当成为独立的法律渊源,且法律应当提供具体的司法适用规则。
[Abstract]:China is an ancient country with a long history and a vast multi-ethnic country. There are many special folklore customs in every region, and the habits of ethnic minorities are more complicated. The study of custom and customary law, the correct understanding and understanding of custom and customary law, is conducive to giving full play to the role of customary law in judicial practice and to correctly handling the relationship between customary law and statutory law. It is conducive to the unification, standardization, coordination and perfection of our socialist legal system. First of all, from the correct understanding of custom and customary law to explain, and from the legitimacy and legality of the analysis of customary law is an independent source of law, and then from the point of view of reality to explain the status of customary law in different periods in Chinese law and its causes. Finally, the author draws the conclusion that customary law has its due status in Chinese law and the specific rules of customary law and customary law in the administration of justice. With the development of human groups, habit is based on specific needs, and under the common understanding of the people, after a long period of habitual practice, gradually formed a common standard to abide by. The establishment of custom, objectively, must be satisfied with the general people in society within a certain range, and within a certain period of time, repeat the same act on the same matter; subjectively, habit must be recognized by the general public through a kind of social psychological pressure. And according to this habit as its behavior model, and has the de facto normative force. Custom belongs to the category of rules in a broad sense, but can not be called law, and customary law can be called law because of its special legality. The effect of customary law comes from satisfying certain elements, rather than court's determination. And its establishment elements and effective elements should also make a distinction. Due to the shortcomings of statutory law, the role of customary law appears to be important. The demands of the modern rule of law on the perfect legal source system, the "autobiosis" of the customary law and its interaction with the statutory law, the situation of the Chinese judges and other practical functional needs have decided that the customary law should become an independent legal source. At the same time, customary law also accords with the definition of Marxist jurisprudence, can be regarded as law, and satisfies the general characteristics of legal sources, together with the "legality" of customary law itself, which shows that customary law is legitimate as an independent source of law. The answers to such questions as how to define the law, how to treat the nature of customary law and its elements, and how to look at the structure of the legal source system are different from each period in Chinese history. Even the answer to the status and role of customary law is different. It makes clear the legitimacy and legitimacy of customary law as an independent source of law, and also the status and function of customary law in various periods in China, and draws a simple conclusion on the basis of reflection. That is, customary law should become an independent source of law in China today, and the law should provide specific rules of judicial application.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D920.4

【引证文献】