晚清《钦定大清商律》研究

发布时间：2018-05-27 22:04

本文选题：钦定大清商律 + 历史背景　；参考：《安徽大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：1901年,清政府发布上谕,正式提出变法主张,三年后颁布了《钦定大清商律》。该律引入了众多当时国际上先进的商法条例,在内容上符合了中国当时经济发展的需求。但由于清政府制定法律时没有充分的考虑到外国法律在中国的本土化问题,导致了该商法典并没有起到其应有的作用。但是它作为中国历史上第一部独立的商事立法仍然有着重要的意义,值得我们去研究。本文准备从五个方面对其进行研究。第一部分主要说明清政府是在何种情况下制定的《钦定大清商律》,即制定《钦定大清商律》的历史背景。首先从经济方面进行分析,资本主义生产关系在中国的萌芽和发展是商律产生的根本原因,同时近现代工商业的出现和发展也使得清政府积极推动工商业发展,西方城市生活的传播也刺激了人们对发展工商业的渴望,这无形中就要求清政府制定一部商法典去大力发展商业。其次从晚清社会思想意识方面进行分析。西学东渐与民族主义的觉醒,中体西用的历史抉择都要求着社会制定一部商法典。最后从政治领域进行分析,对当时国际局势、中国整体局势进行分析。第二部分主要说明《钦定大清商律》的法律内容。《钦定大清商律》由《商人通例》和《公司律》构成。《商人通例》作为该法典的总则,共9条,基本抄于日本和德国当时的有效商法典。《公司律》作为《钦定大清商律》的核心内容,共131条,分为十一节。规定了有限责任制度,公司治理机制,公司产权制度,政企分立等核心内容。第三部分主要说明《钦定大清商律》立法特点。首先分析《钦定大清商律》的体例,做为中国第一部独立的商事法典,《钦定大清商律》采用何种体例也是争议颇多。当时西方的法典体例模式有三种即主观主义、客观主义、折衷主义。最终清政府采取了折衷主义的立法体例。其次阐明《钦定大清商律》对本土资源的利用。在商人民事行为能力,已婚妇女从商限制,商业注册等方面采用了国内的本土资源,有着本国的特色。最后阐明《钦定大清商律》对西方商法的借鉴。商法典以日本、德国、英国等多个西方国家法律为蓝本,在公司种类,公司注册效力等方面都借鉴了西方先进的法律制度。第四部分主要说明《钦定大清商律》的历史评价。首先阐述商律的实施效果及其原因。其次分析商律的历史意义。最后说明它的局限性。由于清政府仍然保留着君主专制的绝对权威,凌驾于法律之上；社会缺乏商事运作的法律保障；清政府所代表的阶层；立法者水平不一；缺乏对当时社会基本情况的考虑,立法没有着眼于当时中国社会的国情等等情况,使得《钦定大清商律》有着很大的局限性,也是造成其执行困难的根源所在。最后研究分析《钦定大清商律》给我国目前的商事法律建设带来的启示。本文将综合采用历史研究和法学研究相结合的方法,具体运用理论研究和法条分析、静态分析和动态考察相结合的手法、在详细阐述晚清《钦定大清商律》形成背景、制定过程及其基本内容的基础上,系统分析它的特点和意义。希望可以全面的了解《钦定大清商律》,以期为我国现代商事法制建设提供一些借鉴和经验。
[Abstract]:In 1901, the Qing government issued an order to formally put forward the proposition of the law of change. After three years, the Qing Dynasty promulgated the law of the Qing Dynasty. It introduced many advanced international commercial law regulations at that time, which accorded with the needs of the economic development of China at that time. But the law of the Qing government did not fully consider the localization of foreign law in China. As a result, the commercial code does not play its due role. However, it is still of great significance as the first independent commercial legislation in Chinese history. It is worth studying. This article is prepared to study it from five aspects.
The first part mainly explains the Qing Dynasty's law of Shang Dynasty made under the circumstances of the Qing government, that is, to formulate the historical background of "the law of the Qing Dynasty". First, the economic analysis is made. The root cause of the emergence and development of the capitalist production relationship in China is the root cause of the business law. The government actively promotes the development of industry and commerce. The spread of western urban life also stimulates people's desire to develop industry and commerce. In the invisible, it requires the Qing government to make a commercial code to develop business. Secondly, it analyzes the ideological consciousness of the late Qing Dynasty. The second part mainly explains the legal content of the law of the Qing Dynasty and the law of the Qing Dynasty. The law of the Qing Dynasty is composed of the general rules of the merchant and the law of the company. As the general rule of the code, there are 9 articles, which are basically copied. At the time of the effective commercial code of Japan and Germany, the law of the company, as the core content of the law of the Qing Dynasty, was divided into 131 sections and divided into eleven sections. The core contents of the limited liability system, the corporate governance mechanism, the company property rights system, the separation of government and enterprise and so on. The third part mainly explained the legislative characteristics of the Qing Dynasty, the Qing Dynasty, the Qing Dynasty and the Qing Dynasty. The style of quotient law is the first independent commercial code of China, which is also a lot of dispute. At that time, there were three kinds of Western codes of law, namely subjectivism, objectivism and eclecticism. Finally, the Qing government adopted eclectic legislative style. Secondly, it clarified the law of the Qing Dynasty, the law of the Qing Dynasty and the local capital. The use of the source. In the civil capacity of the merchant, the married woman's restrictions on business, the commercial registration and other aspects of the domestic resources, it has its own characteristics. Finally, it clarifies the reference to the law of the Qing Dynasty and the Western business law. The commercial code is based on many western countries, such as Japan, Germany, and the UK. The fourth part mainly describes the western advanced legal system. The historical evaluation of the commercial law of the Qing Dynasty is mainly explained. First, it expounds the effect and the reasons of the implementation of the commercial law. Secondly, it analyzes the historical significance of the commercial law. Finally, it explains its limitations. Because the Qing government still holds the absolute authority of the monarchy autocracy, overriding the law. The social lack of legal guarantee of commercial operation; the stratum of the Qing government, the level of the legislator, the lack of consideration of the basic situation of the society at that time, the lack of legislation focusing on the situation of the Chinese society at that time and so on, and the great limitations of the law of the Qing Dynasty, which is also the root cause of its difficulties. Finally, it analyzes the Enlightenment of the Qing Dynasty commercial law construction.
This article will comprehensively adopt the method of combining historical research and legal research, concretely use the method of theoretical research and law analysis, static analysis and dynamic investigation, and elaborate on the characteristics and significance of its characteristics and significance on the basis of the detailed exposition of the formation background, the process and the basic content of the late Qing Dynasty, the Qing Dynasty. In order to provide some reference and experience for the construction of modern commercial legal system in China.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D929

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