论美国民事争点排除规则及其对我国的启示

发布时间：2018-05-29 07:22

本文选题：美国民事诉讼法 + 既判力　；参考：《湘潭大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：争点排除规则与请求排除规则共同构成了美国的判决效理论。美国的争点排除规则起源于古日耳曼的禁反言原则，后来传入英国，再由英国的殖民者带入美国，并伴随着美国独立战争的胜利以及法律制度的建立和完善，在美国确立和发展。争点排除规则，是指如果一个争点在诉讼中由双方当事人进行了充分的争讼，法院对该争点作出了判定，且该争点对于前诉判决的作出来说是必要的，那么双方当事人在后诉中就不能就该争点重复的进行争讼。在关于美国民事诉讼法的判决效的有关规则中，争点排除规则作为美国民事诉讼中的核心规则被广泛而灵活的适用，其在避免矛盾判决、提高诉讼效率、减少诉讼资源的浪费以及维护司法的稳定性方面发挥着积极的作用。本文通过对美国的争点排除规则的内涵、历史演变过程和对其他国家地区的影响以及在美国的运行状况的研究，同时结合我国既判力理论体系发展情况，分析我国引入争点排除规则的必要性、可行性以及存在的障碍，认为，，想要在短时间内在我国建立争点排除规则是困难的同时也是不现实的。理性的做法是，通过进一步研究美国的争点排除规则以及相关规则制度来更全面的了解争点排除规则的理论知识，并逐渐在我国司法工作者中树立争点排除规则的理念，严格并详细规定争点排除规则在我国运行的适用要件、例外情况以及特殊适用情况，并辅以相应的程序保障，以此来实现我国建立争点排除规则的目标。
[Abstract]:The rule of dispute exclusion and the rule of request exclusion constitute the judgment effect theory of the United States. The American rule of exclusion originated from the principle of estoppel in ancient Germany.After it was introduced to England and brought into the United States by British colonists, it was accompanied by the victory of the American War of Independence and the establishment and perfection of the legal system. Established and developed in the United States. The rule of exclusion of points of contention means that if a point of contention is sufficiently contested by both parties in the proceedings, the court has ruled on the point of contention, and the point of contention is necessary for the making of the previous judgment. Then the two parties in the post-litigation can not repeat the point of contention. As the core rules of American civil action, the rule of dispute exclusion is widely and flexibly applied in order to avoid contradictory judgments and improve the efficiency of litigation. Reducing the waste of litigation resources and maintaining the stability of the judiciary play an active role. Based on the study of the connotation, historical evolution process, influence on other countries and regions and the operation in the United States of America, this paper combines with the development of res judicata theory system in our country. This paper analyzes the necessity, feasibility and existing obstacles of introducing the rules of contention exclusion in China, and points out that it is difficult and unrealistic to establish the rules of exclusion of points of contention in China in a short period of time. The rational approach is to further study the rules of contention exclusion in the United States and the relevant rules and systems to understand the theoretical knowledge of the rules of exclusion of points of contention more comprehensively, and gradually establish the idea of the rules of exclusion of points of contention among the judicial workers in our country. In order to realize the goal of establishing the rule of contention exclusion in our country, strict and detailed provisions are made on the applicable requirements, exceptions and special application conditions of the rules of contention exclusion in our country, and the corresponding procedural guarantees are provided.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D971.2

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