论环境习惯法的现代价值

发布时间：2018-06-02 20:44

本文选题：环境习惯法 + 环境制定法　；参考：《武汉大学》2012年博士论文

【摘要】：对环境习惯法内涵的把握需要从内容要素和形式要素两个方面进行，并在此基础上找寻其所具有的独特内涵和外延拓展；在历时性的角度观察，环境习惯法经由“权威”时代到现代式微的演变并非是历史性消亡的表征，而是源自于环境制定法的主观抑制，因此环境习惯法仍然是一种真实而有力的存在；环境习惯法的表达方式主要有文献记述、村规民约和口耳相传等；环境习惯法体现为各种内容丰富的知识体系，如关于环境保护的习惯法原则、环境管理的习惯法制度和方法、环境保护中社区参与的习惯法规则等环境法智慧。现代环境制定法面临着诸多困境，如法律一元构想与现实多元之间的矛盾、外生性规则与本土性供给之间的断裂、公力强势推进与民间微弱运行之间的失衡等。环境习惯法现代价值的开辟，诸如本土法文化汲取和重建、信仰重塑、技术理性祛魅和路径拓展等优越性恰好为破解环境制定法的上述困境提供了可能的思路和空间。首先，环境习惯法的现代价值须在现代环境法“场域”中实现，且在动态演化的基本逻辑前提下，立足于补足环境制定法，进而构建符合现代性特征的环境法的目标；其次，通过类型化方法，，并确立实质合法性和形式合法性两条检验标准对环境习惯法的内容进行选择是实现其现代价值的重要步骤；最后，环境习惯法的现代价值主要通过环境制定法主导的“自上而下”路径和环境习惯法参与的“自下而上”路径来实现。与现代环境法治的具体实践相结合，环境习惯法现代价值的实现分别体现在如下三个方面。第一是环境习惯法作为间接法源对现代环境立法的贡献。从环境习惯法进入现代环境立法的必要性、制约性因素以及可能进路等方面进行考察，环境习惯法在现代环境立法中具有重要的间接法源意义。第二是环境习惯法对现代环境管理的规则价值。基于环境的不稳定性和不可预期性，环境习惯法是适应性环境管理的合理且独立的规则系统。第三是环境习惯法对环境纠纷解决的贡献。由于环境习惯法与环境纠纷解决的内在关联，环境习惯法在环境纠纷司法解决机制和环境纠纷ADR方案中均具有重要的贡献。
[Abstract]:It is necessary to grasp the connotation of environmental customary law from two aspects: the content element and the form factor, and on this basis, we should find its unique connotation and extension, and observe it from a diachronic angle. The evolution of environmental customary law from "authoritative" times to modern times is not a sign of historical extinction, but is derived from the subjective inhibition of environmental law. Therefore, environmental customary law is still a real and powerful existence. The expression of environmental customary law mainly includes documents, village rules and word of mouth, etc. Environmental customary law is embodied in a variety of knowledge systems, such as the principles of customary law on environmental protection, the customary law system and methods of environmental management, etc. Environmental law wisdom such as customary law rules of community participation in environmental protection. The modern environmental law is faced with many difficulties, such as the contradiction between the unitary conception of law and the pluralistic reality, the breakage between the exogenous rules and the local supply, the imbalance between the strong promotion of public power and the weak operation of civil society, and so on. The exploitation of modern values of environmental customary law, such as the absorption and reconstruction of native law culture, the remolding of belief, the disenchantment of technical rationality and the expansion of path, provide a possible way of thinking and space for solving the above predicament of environmental law. Firstly, the modern value of environmental customary law must be realized in the "field" of modern environmental law, and on the premise of the basic logic of dynamic evolution, it should be based on the complement of environmental law, and then construct the goal of environmental law which conforms to the characteristics of modernity. It is an important step to realize its modern value to choose the content of the environmental customary law through the typology method and to establish two test standards of substantive legality and formal legality. The modern value of environmental customary law is mainly realized by the "top-down" path led by environmental law and the "bottom-up" path in which environmental customary law participates. Combined with the concrete practice of modern environmental rule of law, the realization of the modern value of environmental customary law is embodied in the following three aspects. The first is the contribution of environmental customary law to modern environmental legislation as an indirect source of law. From the point of view of the necessity of environmental customary law to modern environmental legislation, the restrictive factors and the possible route, the environmental customary law has important indirect legal significance in modern environmental legislation. The second is the value of environmental customary law to modern environmental management. Due to the instability and unpredictability of environment, environmental customary law is a reasonable and independent rule system for adaptive environmental management. The third is the contribution of environmental customary law to the settlement of environmental disputes. Due to the inherent relationship between environmental customary law and environmental dispute resolution, environmental customary law plays an important role in the judicial settlement mechanism of environmental dispute and the ADR scheme of environmental dispute.
【学位授予单位】：武汉大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D920.4

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