《折狱龟鉴》中的证据制度研究

发布时间：2018-06-07 14:19

本文选题：《折狱龟鉴》 + 郑克　；参考：《山东大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：《折狱龟鉴》成书于宋,是中国古代一部对案件加以评议的案例集,是了解和研究中国古代,尤其是宋代真实法律生活和司法制度的重要资料。随着中国传统法制研究的深入,越来越多的学者开始关注我国古代司法判例中所蕴含的法律制度及理念,但对《折狱龟鉴》的研究屈指可数,而以其证据制度作为核心研究对象的几乎没有。本文以对《折狱龟鉴》的案例分析为基础,史论结合,试图归纳梳理书中体现较多的证据制度,以期对我们今天的证据制度的完善有所镜鉴。论文由五个部分组成,章节结构安排如下:第一部分,《折狱龟鉴》的成书背景,介绍成书的时代背景,论述宋代的法制建设、宋朝文人法律思想的相互促动交融、民众诉讼观念的转变,引出《折狱龟鉴》的作者郑克和写作的直接背景。第二部分,《折狱龟鉴》中的证据种类,论述言词证据、实物证据、书证和检验笔录,其中言词证据介绍了原告陈述、被告供述及证人证言,实物证据主要介绍物证的作用超过了口供和证人证言,书证介绍了宋代重要的书证形式和书证在司法实践中的应用,检验笔录介绍了检验制度在宋代的发展和检验在司法实践中的应用。第三部分,《折狱龟鉴》中的取证方法,论述收集言词证据、实物证据、书证的常规方法及检验活动,也包括郑克提出的"正谲折狱"理论。第四部分,《折狱龟鉴》中的"情迹论",在司法实践中"察情"和"据证"的结合使用。"情迹论"是证据在运用过程中的延伸。第五部分,在前文基础上评析《折狱龟鉴》中的证据制度,肯定证据种类齐全、注重证据之间的互参互用、重视客观证据的运用、强调取证的合规性与专业性等价值,并指出其证据理论缺乏系统性、证据认定不严谨以及证据的认定缺乏科学根据等历史局限。通过总结制度特征,以期去其糟粕、取其精华。本篇论文基于《折狱龟鉴》中的证据制度,对各种证据形式和证据收集手段进行辩证评价,对讼师群体、讼学发展、书铺作用的评价,强调物证地位的提高和运用技巧取证等都是本文写作的独树一帜之处。旨在增强对传统法文化价值的理性认同,继承优秀的法学文化遗产,学习古人智慧和尽心察狱的精神;有利于法律从业者增加审判经验,在中国的传统法律中寻找合理内核,更好地发挥案例的作用,进而构建和实践中国特色社会主义法律制度。
[Abstract]:The book, written in Song Dynasty, is a collection of cases to be reviewed in ancient China. It is an important material for understanding and studying the real legal life and judicial system in ancient China, especially in Song Dynasty. With the deepening of the study of Chinese traditional legal system, more and more scholars begin to pay attention to the legal system and ideas contained in the ancient judicial precedents of our country. Almost none of them take the evidence system as the core research object. Based on the analysis of the case of "Breaking the Tortoise" and the combination of historical theories, this paper tries to summarize and sort out more evidential systems in the book in order to learn from the perfection of our evidence system today. This paper is composed of five parts, and the chapter structure is arranged as follows: the first part, the background of the book, the background of the writing, the legal construction of the Song Dynasty, the mutual promotion of the legal thoughts of the scholars in the Song Dynasty. The change of public litigation concept leads to the direct background of Zheng Ke and his writing. The second part deals with the types of evidence in "Breaking the Tortoise", including verbal evidence, physical evidence, documentary evidence and inspection notes, in which verbal evidence introduces the statement of the plaintiff, the statement of the defendant and the testimony of the witness. Physical evidence mainly introduces the function of material evidence more than testimony and witness testimony. Documentary evidence introduces the important forms of documentary evidence and the application of documentary evidence in judicial practice in Song Dynasty. This paper introduces the development of inspection system in Song Dynasty and its application in judicial practice. The third part, the method of collecting evidence in "Breaking the Tortoise", discusses the collection of verbal evidence, physical evidence, the conventional methods of documentary evidence and the inspection activities, including Zheng Ke's theory of "positive and treacherous prison break". The fourth part, the "emotion trace theory" in "Breaking the Tortoise", is used in the combination of "investigating the situation" and "the evidence" in the judicial practice. " The theory of emotional trace is the extension of evidence in the process of application. The fifth part, on the basis of the above, comments on the evidence system in "Breaking the Tortoise", affirms that the types of evidence are complete, attaches importance to the mutual use of evidence, attaches importance to the use of objective evidence, and emphasizes the value of conformity and professionalism in obtaining evidence. It also points out that its evidence theory is lack of systematization, evidence identification is not rigorous, and evidence identification lacks scientific basis and other historical limitations. By summing up the characteristics of the system, in order to remove its dregs, take its essence. Based on the evidence system in "Breaking the Tortoise", this paper makes a dialectical evaluation of various forms of evidence and the means of collecting evidence, evaluates the community of advocates, the development of the science of advocacy, and the role of the library. The emphasis on the improvement of the status of material evidence and the use of techniques to obtain evidence are unique points in this writing. It aims at strengthening the rational recognition of the cultural value of traditional law, inheriting the outstanding legal cultural heritage, learning the wisdom of the ancients and the spirit of paying close attention to the prison, which is beneficial to the legal practitioners to increase their judicial experience and to find a reasonable core in the Chinese traditional law. Better play the role of cases, and then build and practice the socialist legal system with Chinese characteristics.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D929

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