日本学问自由的宪法保障

发布时间：2018-06-15 10:46

本文选题：日本 + 学问自由　；参考：《山东大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：学术自由是一个国家与民族学术研究得以发展与创新的重要保障,也是推动社会持续前进、社会文化得以传承及发扬的持久动力。因此,不管是从整个国家与民族的命运考虑,还是从每个国民的切身利益考虑,都应该保障学术自由使其不受妨碍。同时,学术自由作为各国大学发展之重要条件以及高等教育之关键内容,对其的研究及保护越来越受到国内外学者的重视。日本可以说是亚洲国家中,最早受到德国、美国的影响,而产生学术自由观念并形成大学自治的国家。且在历史上也有着丰富的为争取学术自由及大学自治而奋斗的事例,并形成了十分丰富庞杂的判例、学说与研究成果。因此,本文将以历史发展之脉络为主线针对日本学问自由宪法保障的现状进行研究与分析,力图能够全面深入地剖析出日本学问自由保障方式以及宪法在其中的作用。本文共计分为五大部分:第一部分是引言,简单介绍本文的研究意义、研究现状、研究方法以及创新之处。第二部分是日本学问自由入宪的社会背景。主要是介绍学问自由在日本宪法中的产生、演变的过程,并分析其社会基础以及思想、理论基础。第三部分是日本学问自由的构成要件。重点分析了日本学问自由有关的基础性概念。具体包括学问的涵义、学问自由的内容、学问自由的主体、学问自由的限制四方面内容。第四部分是日本学问自由的制度保障。该部分内容主要分析了作为日本惯行的大学自治对学问自由的保障,不仅包括日本传统的大学自治制度其中也介绍了日本法人化改革后对学问自由保障的影响。具体包括大学管理运营体制、人事制度保障、财政制度保障三方面内容。第五部分是日本学问自由的宪法救济。本部分主要从大学自治之救济、下级教育机关教育自由之救济、学生学习自由之救济三方面所涉及的具体判例来介绍与分析。
[Abstract]:Academic freedom is not only an important guarantee for the development and innovation of academic research in a country and a nation, but also a lasting driving force to promote the continuous progress of society and the inheritance and development of social culture. Therefore, academic freedom should be guaranteed from the fate of the whole nation and nation, and from the vital interests of every nation. At the same time, academic freedom, as an important condition for the development of universities and the key content of higher education, has been paid more and more attention to by scholars at home and abroad. Japan can be said to be the first country in Asia to be influenced by Germany and the United States, and to form the concept of academic freedom and university autonomy. There are also abundant examples of striving for academic freedom and university autonomy in history, and have formed very rich and complicated cases, theories and research results. Therefore, this article will take the historical development thread as the main line to carry on the research and the analysis to the Japanese freedom of learning constitutional guarantee present situation, tries to be able to comprehensively and deeply analyzes the Japanese academic freedom safeguard way and the constitution in which the function. This paper is divided into five parts: the first part is the introduction, briefly introduces the significance of this study, research status, research methods and innovations. The second part is the social background of the free entry of Japanese learning into the constitution. It mainly introduces the process of the birth and evolution of the freedom of learning in the Japanese Constitution, and analyzes its social basis, thought and theoretical basis. The third part is the constituent elements of Japanese freedom of learning. The basic concepts related to the freedom of learning in Japan are emphatically analyzed. It includes the meaning of learning, the content of freedom of learning, the subject of freedom of learning and the restriction of freedom of learning. The fourth part is the system guarantee of Japanese freedom of learning. This part mainly analyzes the guarantee of university autonomy to the freedom of learning, which includes not only the traditional university autonomy system in Japan, but also the influence of Japanese legalization reform on the guarantee of the freedom of learning. It includes three aspects: university management system, personnel system guarantee and financial system guarantee. The fifth part is the constitutional relief of Japanese freedom of learning. This part mainly introduces and analyzes the specific cases involved in the relief of university autonomy, the relief of educational freedom of lower educational institutions and the relief of students' freedom of study.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D931.3;DD911

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