北魏司法制度儒家化研究

发布时间：2018-06-17 01:27

本文选题：北魏 + 司法制度　；参考：《西南政法大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：司法制度的儒家化实际上就是儒家思想逐步渗透到司法制度领域,改造并支配司法,从而使司法在儒家思想引导下发生质变的过程。纵观中国法制史,包括司法制度儒家化在内的法制儒家化是中国封建社会前期法制活动的主要内容,这一活动开始于汉武帝的“罢黜百家,独尊儒术”,以董仲舒为代表的儒家倡行的“春秋决狱”来处理疑案,是儒家思想对汉初法家统治侵蚀的第一步,随着儒家思想的发展壮大,儒生们已不满足于对个别疑案的处理,进而形成要求对法条本身进行变革的“引经注律”之风,使法律儒家化取得实质进步,后历经汉魏、两晋、北魏、北齐等统治者的不断推进,最后以隋唐时朝的《唐律疏议》为集大成者,最终完成法制儒家化的过程。纵览中国法制儒家化的过程,仔细梳理法制儒家化的各种成果,不难发现作为法制儒家化结晶的隋唐法制的渊源很多均形成于北魏时期,或在北魏法制的基础上进行改造,使其更加适合儒家的纲常伦理,从而被隋唐法制所继承与发扬。作为一个北方少数民族鲜卑族入主中原的政权,自身并无先进的制度优势而言,又无对中原国情的把握,再之游牧文明与农耕文明的冲突的客观存在,北魏统治者却在一百多年的时间内,不仅有效的解决了这些问题,维护了政权的稳固,并且在法制的诸多方面进行了创新,为隋唐法治的发展与完善做出了难能可贵的贡献,这本身就说明包括北魏法制儒家化在内的北魏法制研究的价值。“中国法律之儒家化可以说是始于魏、晋,成于北魏、北齐,隋、唐采用后便成为中国法律的正统。其间实经一长期而复杂的过程,酝酿生长以底于成。”1瞿同祖先生以整个封建社会儒家化的宏观视角,描述了北魏法制儒家化的大致情况,具有奠基性意义,客观上也权威地肯定了北魏法制儒家化的价值。但目前的北魏法制研究还不够充分,除了部分中国法制史的通史在魏晋南北朝卷内对北魏法制研究有一定的论述外,邓奕琦先生的《北朝法制研究》和李书吉先生的《北朝礼志法系研究》中对北魏法制儒家化也有所涉及,而对于北魏司法制度儒家化的研究,目前尚未发现有专门的著作对此领域进行研究。所以笔者试图先从第一部分来论述北魏儒家化以前法制特别是司法制度的概况,来寻找少数民族政权前期的司法制度的基本状况;第二部分重点论述北魏司法制度儒家化的具体表现,大概从指导思想、管辖制度、诉讼制度、审判制度、刑讯制度、刑罚制度、监狱制度等几大方面来详细论述这一时期儒家思想对司法制度在内的法制的影响;第三部分对北魏司法制度儒家化进行评析,着重评述北魏司法制度儒家化的开创意义以及其独特的承前启后的作用。
[Abstract]:In fact, the Confucianization of the judicial system is the process of gradually infiltrating the Confucian thought into the field of the judicial system, transforming and dominating the judicature, thus making the judicial system change qualitatively under the guidance of the Confucian thought. Throughout the history of China's legal system, the Confucianization of the legal system, including the Confucianization of the judicial system, was the main content of the legal activities in the early stage of Chinese feudal society. Taking Dong Zhongshu as the representative of Confucianism to deal with the suspicious cases is the first step of Confucianism to erode the rule of the Legalists in the early Han Dynasty. With the development of Confucianism, the Confucian students are no longer satisfied with the handling of individual suspected cases. Then it formed the wind of "introducing the classics and annotating the law", which called for the reform of the law itself, and made the legal Confucianization make substantial progress. After that, the rulers of the Han and Wei dynasties, the Jin Dynasty, the Northern Wei Dynasty, the Northern Qi Dynasty, and so on, continued to advance. Finally, taking the Tang Law of Sui and Tang dynasties as the most important, the process of legal Confucianization was finally completed. By looking at the process of the Confucian legal system in China and carefully combing the various achievements of the Confucianization of the legal system, it is not difficult to find that many of the legal origins of the Sui and Tang dynasties, as the crystallization of the legal system, were formed in the Northern Wei Dynasty or reformed on the basis of the legal system of the Northern Wei Dynasty. Make it more suitable for Confucian ethics, which was inherited and carried forward by the Sui and Tang legal system. As a regime of the northern minority Xianbei into the Central Plains, it has no advanced institutional advantages, and has no grasp of the national conditions of the Central Plains, and the conflict between nomadic civilization and agricultural civilization exists objectively. However, the rulers of the Northern Wei Dynasty not only effectively solved these problems and maintained the stability of the regime, but also innovated in many aspects of the legal system, making valuable contributions to the development and perfection of the rule of law in the Sui and Tang dynasties. This in itself shows the value of the study of the legal system of the Northern Wei Dynasty, including the Confucianization of the legal system of the Northern Wei Dynasty. "the Confucianization of Chinese law can be said to have originated in Wei, Jin, and became the orthodoxy of Chinese law after it was adopted in the Northern Wei, Northern Qi, Sui and Tang dynasties. During the long and complicated process of the actual scriptures, the brewing and growing were based on the formation. "1 Mr. qu Tongzu described the general situation of the Confucianism in the Northern Wei Dynasty from the macro perspective of Confucianism in the whole feudal society, which was of fundamental significance. Objectively and authoritatively affirmed the value of Confucianism in the legal system of the Northern Wei Dynasty. However, the current research on the legal system of the Northern Wei Dynasty is not enough, except for some general history of the Chinese legal system in the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern dynasties, there is a certain discussion on the study of the Northern Wei Dynasty legal system. In Deng Yiqi's study on the Northern Dynasty legal system and Li Shuji's study on the Northern Dynasty Rites and Records Law system, the Confucianization of the Northern Wei Dynasty legal system is also involved, and the research on the Northern Wei Dynasty judicial system's Confucianization is also concerned. At present, no specialized works have been found to study this field. Therefore, the author tries to discuss the legal system, especially the judicial system, from the first part of the Northern Wei Dynasty, in order to find the basic situation of the judicial system in the early period of minority political power. The second part focuses on the specific performance of the Confucian judicial system in the Northern Wei Dynasty, probably from the guiding ideology, the jurisdiction system, the litigation system, the trial system, the torture system, the penalty system, The influence of Confucianism on the judicial system in this period is discussed in detail. The third part analyzes the Confucianization of the judicial system in the Northern Wei Dynasty. This paper focuses on the pioneering significance of the Confucianization of the judicial system of the Northern Wei Dynasty and its unique role in connecting the past with the future.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D929

【引证文献】