法律的不确定性与立法技术的完善

发布时间：2018-06-17 17:07

本文选题：法律 + 不确定性　；参考：《山西大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：法律具有确定性,是西方法学界传统的学术观点。十九世纪末二十世纪初,西方法学界关于这一问题的立场发生变化,开始强调法律的不确定性。对法律是否具有确定性的探讨在相当程度上影响着对法治及其功能的认识。我国社会主义法治建设取得了巨大成就,但法律的权威还没有完全树立,司法中的自由裁量权还未得到有效规制,研究和探讨法律的不确定性问题更具有现实意义。本文通过以下四部分内容对法律的不确定性进行探讨和分析,指出法律的不确定性与立法技术之间的关系,提出通过完善立法技术提高法律确定性程度。第一部分,对法律的不确定性的理论进行阐述,分析法律的不确定性的表现形式,提出法律的不确定性主要表现为法律规范的不确定性、司法过程的不确定性和其他社会因素导致的不确定性。分析法律的不确定性的语言学基础、认识论基础和辩证法基础,上述理论构成法律不确定性的理论基础。梳理关于法律的确定性与不确定性的理论争议,对法律的不确定性的理论进行反思和评价,从守法者的视角重新界定法律的不确定性概念。第二部分,分析法律的不确定性的立法原因。提出立法语言的模糊性、立法中对法律事实的不完全预见性和立法中法律条文之间的相互冲突是法律的不确定性的立法原因。第三部分,论证立法技术对法律的不确定性的影响。通过立法技术的理论梳理对立法技术的概念有一个更清晰的认识。论证立法技术与法律的不确定性之间的关系,认为立法技术中立法的立法活动运筹技术、立法预测和立法规划、立法法案的起草等不规范或不完善都会增加法律的不确定性。第四部分,论证通过完善立法技术提高法律的确定性程度。通过加强立法活动运筹技术、加强立法预测和立法规划工作,提高法律的确定性程度。通过组建理论功底扎实、有高超立法技术和立法能力、对立法目的有清晰了解和精确把握的法律草案起草团队提高法律的确定性程度。通过加强法律语言特别是立法语言的规范化研究提高法律的确定性程度。通过建立规范合理的立法语言语料库提高法律的确定性程度。通过在立法时规范法律条文的表述提高法律的确定性程度。总之,本文通过对法律的不确定性理论的分析和研究,运用文献分析和实证分析的方法指出法律的不确定性的立法原因。论证法律的不确定性与立法技术的关系,提出通过完善立法技术提高法律的确定性,使法律规范能够更好地对我国司法实践予以明确的规范和指引,有效约束司法中的肆意和专断,推动法律权威的树立,推动法治建设进程。
[Abstract]:Legal certainty is the traditional academic point of view in western legal circles. At the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the twentieth century, the position of western jurists on this issue changed and began to emphasize the uncertainty of law. The discussion of whether the law has certainty influences the understanding of the rule of law and its function to a certain extent. Great achievements have been made in the construction of the socialist rule of law in our country, but the authority of the law has not been fully established, and the discretion in the administration of justice has not been regulated effectively. Therefore, it is of practical significance to study and explore the uncertainty of the law. This paper discusses and analyzes the uncertainty of law in the following four parts, points out the relationship between the uncertainty of law and the technology of legislation, and proposes to improve the degree of legal certainty by perfecting the technology of legislation. In the first part, the author expounds the theory of uncertainty of law, analyzes the manifestation of uncertainty of law, and points out that uncertainty of law is mainly manifested in uncertainty of legal norms. Uncertainty of judicial process and other social factors. This paper analyzes the linguistic basis, epistemological basis and dialectical basis of legal uncertainty, which constitute the theoretical basis of legal uncertainty. This paper combs the theoretical disputes about certainty and uncertainty of law, rethinks and evaluates the theory of uncertainty of law, and redefines the concept of uncertainty of law from the perspective of law-abiding person. The second part analyzes the legislative reasons of the uncertainty of law. The fuzziness of the legislative language, the incomplete predictability of the legal facts in the legislation and the conflict between the legal provisions in the legislation are the legislative reasons for the uncertainty of the law. The third part demonstrates the influence of legislative technology on the uncertainty of law. Through the theory of legislative technology, there is a clearer understanding of the concept of legislative technology. This paper demonstrates the relationship between legislative technology and the uncertainty of law, and points out that the unstandardized or imperfect legislative activities, legislative prediction and legislative planning, and the drafting of legislative bills will increase the uncertainty of law. In the fourth part, the author discusses how to improve the legal certainty by perfecting the legislative technology. Through strengthening the operation technology of legislative activities and strengthening the work of legislative prediction and legislative planning, the degree of legal certainty can be improved. Through the establishment of a solid theoretical foundation, superb legislative skills and legislative ability, a clear understanding and accurate grasp of the legislative purpose of the drafting team to improve the degree of certainty of the law. By strengthening the standardization of legal language, especially legislative language, the degree of legal certainty is improved. To improve the degree of legal certainty by establishing a standardized and reasonable corpus of legislative language. To improve the degree of legal certainty by standardizing the expression of legal provisions in legislation. In a word, through the analysis and study of the uncertainty theory of law, this paper points out the legislative reasons of the uncertainty of law by the methods of literature analysis and empirical analysis. This paper demonstrates the relationship between the uncertainty of law and the technology of legislation, and proposes to improve the certainty of law by perfecting the technology of legislation, so that the legal norms can better regulate and guide the judicial practice of our country. Effectively constraining the arbitrariness and arbitrariness in the administration of justice, promoting the establishment of legal authority and promoting the construction of the rule of law.
【学位授予单位】：山西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D90

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