我国地方立法不抵触原则在实施中存在的问题及对策

发布时间：2018-06-18 23:45

本文选题：地方立法 + 不抵触原则　；参考：《湖南大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：地方立法不抵触原则是我国地方立法必须遵守的一项基本原则,是社会主义法制统一原则在地方立法中的必然要求和具体体现。地方立法不抵触原则在我国地方立法实践中发挥了重要作用。但是由于有关法律对地方立法不抵触原则的规定比较含糊和笼统,有关立法机关至今也没有就该原则的具体内涵作出比较明确系统的立法解释,导致理论界对该原则产生了各种不同的理解和认识,也影响了该原则在地方立法实践中的贯彻实施。一方面,一些地方任意解释上位法规定、随意扩大地方立法权限和范围、争相突破上位法规定,不同程度地破坏了国家法制的统一。另一方面,一些地方惟恐越雷池半步,不敢放手立法,地方立法表现出保守消极倾向,其作用没有得到充分发挥。中央与地方立法权限划分不明晰是地方立法不抵触原则贯彻实施的主要影响因素。全国人大及其常委会的专属立法权事项不明确,理解起来比较困难；中央立法权限过于宽泛,可以对地方立法权任意限制和侵夺；中央立法主体之间权限不清致中央立法互相抵触,地方立法无所适从；部门规章与地方立法规范事项没有明确区分,对地方立法影响很大。立法权限划分不明晰,使地方立法始终处在“无为”或“越权”的两难选择之中。此外,地方利益诉求和地方保护主义、中央立法滞后和地方现实需要、中央立法监督机构监督职能“缺位”、地方立法资源供给不足和中央立法机构指导功能“缺失”等也是地方立法不抵触原则贯彻实施的重要影响因素。贯彻落实地方立法不抵触原则,要进一步明确划分中央与地方的立法权限,明确全国人大及其常委会的专属立法权事项的范围,对地方立法权限进行合理保留或明确界定。要进一步完善地方立法监督机制,改革立法监督审查启动机制,明确立法监督程序,规定必要的立法责任和立法监督责任。要进一步健全地方性法规清理制度,明确地方性法规制定机关的清理责任,充分发挥地方性法规备案审查机制的监督作用,加强事前清理。
[Abstract]:The principle of non conflict of local legislation is a basic principle that our local legislation must abide by. It is the inevitable requirement and concrete embodiment of the unified principle of socialist legal system in the local legislation.
The principle of non conflict of local legislation plays an important role in the practice of local legislation in our country. However, the relevant legislature has not made a clear and systematic interpretation of the specific connotation of the principle because of the vague and general regulations on the principle of non conflict of local legislation in the relevant laws, which leads to the emergence of this principle by the theorists. Different understandings and understandings have also influenced the implementation of the principle in the practice of local legislation. On the one hand, some places will explain the provisions of the upper law arbitrarily, expand the jurisdiction and scope of the local legislation at will, break through the provisions of the upper law and destroy the unity of the national legal system in varying degrees. On the other hand, some places are afraid of the Yue pool. Half a step, dare not let go of legislation, local legislation shows a conservative negative tendency, and its role has not been brought into full play.
The division of legislative powers between the central and local authorities is a major factor in the implementation of the principle of incompatibility of local legislation. The exclusive legislative power of the National People's Congress and its Standing Committee is not clear and difficult to understand; the authority of the central legislature is too broad to restrict and invaded the local legislative power; between the central legislative bodies. The permissions are not clear to the central legislation and the local legislation is incompatible; the department rules and the local legislative norms have no clear distinction and have a great influence on the local legislation. The division of legislative authority is not clear and the local legislation is always in the dilemma of "Inaction" or "over power". In addition, local interest demands and local protection The inadequacy of the supervision function of the central legislative supervision institutions, the shortage of local legislative resources and the lack of the guiding function of the central legislature are also important factors for the implementation of the principle of incompatibility of local legislation.
To carry out the principle of non conflict of local legislation, we should further clarify the legislative powers of the central and local authorities, clarify the scope of the exclusive legal rights of the National People's Congress and its Standing Committee, make a reasonable reservation or clear definition of the jurisdiction of the local legislation, and further improve the mechanism of local legislative supervision and reform the mechanism of the legislative supervision and review. Clear legislative supervision procedures, stipulate the necessary legislative responsibility and legislative supervision responsibility. We should further improve the local laws and regulations cleaning system, clear the cleaning responsibility of local regulatory authorities, give full play to the supervision role of the local regulations and the record and review mechanism, and strengthen the clarity of the matter.
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D920.0

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