社会资本与农村纠纷解决

发布时间：2018-06-19 12:23

本文选题：社会资本 + 农村纠纷　；参考：《吉林大学》2012年博士论文

【摘要】：随着农村社会变迁，农村纠纷以及纠纷解决机制也发生了变迁。在传统纠纷以及纠纷解决方式占据主导地位的背景下，同时出现了许多新问题。在传统法学对于农村纠纷解决的研究中，多采用现代法治作为解决农村纠纷以及农村纠纷解决机制构建的方式，试图通过对农村纠纷以及纠纷解决机制的现代化供给来改变农村纠纷以及农村纠纷解决的问题，但对于纠纷解决机制的动力机制以及相应的社会基础研究较弱。从上世纪开始，社会资本理论开始成为社会科学领域中广泛采用的理论框架，从社会资本视角来看，纠纷和纠纷解决是嵌入在变迁的农村社会结构之中的，只有对变迁社会中的农村社会结构进行深入的研究，才能够更好的理解、解释和建构农村纠纷解决制度，，重建农村的社会秩序社会资本在宏观上为不同群体提供信任、社会参与网络以及规范，在微观上为纠纷解决参与人提供社会动员力量，并通过微观上的社会资本的交换得到社会秩序的再生产。对于急速变迁的中国农村纠纷及其解决方式的研究来说，社会资本是一个解释纠纷及其解决方式的新视角。传统和现代的多重因素影响到了农村纠纷及其解决的运行。社会资本理论可以弥补传统法学研究中排斥人情、关系、面子等因素对于纠纷及其解决的影响，从而将各种非正式规范和法律等正式规范的互动和协作。社会资本理论关注嵌入在社会结构中的行动，纠纷及其解决都嵌入在社会结构中，受到社会资本的影响。变迁中的农村处在传统社会资本和现代社会资本都相对缺少的状态，原来的传统社会规范和以法律为主的现代法律规范都受到了影响。农村社会的急剧变迁导致农村社会资本存在着断裂和缺失，人际关系、农民的价值世界、文化空间等发生了变化，原有的社会规范因为缺乏相应的社会资本的支持，不能够为农村社会秩序提供充分的保障，而国家法律也不能顺利得到农民的内在认同，从而出现法律适用不畅通和原有社会规范失效等双重问题。不仅影响着农村纠纷解决性质，也影响着农民对于纠纷解决方式的选择，也影响着纠纷解决方式的效果。同时农村社会的变迁也带来了农村社会资本的多样化，为农村社会秩序的重建提供了不同的需求。总体上来说，因为农村的分化，内生出了对于法律的需求，因此出现“迎法下乡”的需要，同时，国家出于治理的需要，具有“送法下乡”需要，二者只有在社会资本能够充分支持的时候才能够得到相互的衔接与融合。传统社会中，当事人更加强调利益背后的情感因素，面子、人情等因素具有重要的价值，而社会的变迁，带来了农民行为准则的理性化。理性化使得农村纠纷解决中利益衡量成为主要考虑因素，农村纠纷解决中是采取隐忍或者压服甚至采取毁灭型的暴力方式，就比之前的选择更为复杂。农民个人脱离了原来相对封闭的乡村地理环境和文化环境的约束，从而拥有更多的行为选择空间，不再有绝对的社会舆论压力可以严重的削弱农民的生活水平和社会地位。只有在农村重新建构起来日常生活中的社会资本，形成足够的维系农村社会秩序的社会压力，进而使得农村的纠纷解决能够在多元化的纠纷解决方式之间形成良好的互动和相互协调，才能在日常生活中完成国家和社会的良性互动。社区化建设需要解决农民人际关系的重构，将原来建立在血缘和地缘基础上的特殊信任扩展为建立在分工基础之上的普遍信任。这相应需要解决两个问题，一个是农民角色的职业化，二是次级群体的社会化。通过这两个问题的解决，将农民身份转换为公民身份，将人际间的特殊信任转换为普遍信任，进而重构农民现代化的人际关系。并在此基础上形成多元有序的社会资本结构，为以司法为中心的多元化农村纠纷解决机制的构建提供社会结构基础。基于上述分析，本文认为，要想建立适应变迁社会中的农村社会秩序的纠纷解决机制，需要从农村的日常生活实践着手，通过农村社区化建设，在农民的日常生活实践中培育起来足够的社会资本，产生满足农村需要的信任机制、有机的参与网络和相适应的规范系统。只有这样，农村社会变迁才能够为纠纷解决系统的建立提供充分的社会基础，形成既能够适应传统农村社会的社会资本要求，又能够满足变迁社会的纠纷解决机制，形成以现代法治理念为基础的以司法为中心的现代纠纷解决机制。
[Abstract]:With the change of rural social change , rural dispute and dispute settlement mechanism , there are many new problems . In the study of traditional dispute and dispute resolution mode , many new problems have emerged . In the study of the traditional law on rural dispute settlement , the author tries to solve the problem of rural dispute and rural dispute settlement by the modern supply of modern rule of law as a solution to rural disputes and rural dispute settlement mechanism . However , the motive mechanism of dispute resolution mechanism and the corresponding social base study are weak .

Starting from the last century , social capital theory has become a widely used theoretical framework in the field of social science . From the perspective of social capital , the dispute and dispute settlement are embedded in the changing rural social structure .

Social capital theory is a new visual angle for explaining disputes and their solutions . Traditional and modern multi - factors influence rural disputes and their solutions . Social capital theory can make up for the interaction and collaboration of formal norms such as human feelings , relations and faces in traditional legal studies . Social capital theory focuses on actions , disputes and solutions embedded in the social structure , which are embedded in the social structure and are influenced by social capital .

The rapid change of the rural society has led to the change of the rural social capital , such as fracture and lack , interpersonal relationship , the value of the peasants , the cultural space and so on . The original social norm can not provide sufficient guarantee for the rural social order because of the lack of corresponding social capital .

At the same time , the changes of the rural society also bring about the diversification of the rural social capital and provide different needs for the reconstruction of the rural social order . Generally speaking , because of the differentiation of the countryside , the needs of the law need to be created . At the same time , the need of the " going to the countryside " is needed . At the same time , the country can get the mutual cohesion and integration only when the social capital is fully supported .

In the traditional society , the parties have more emphasis on the factors , such as emotional factors , faces and human feelings behind the interests , and the changes of the society bring about the rationalization of the peasant ' s code of conduct . The rationalization makes the benefit measurement in the rural dispute settlement become the main factor , and the rural dispute settlement is more complicated than the previous choice . The peasant individual has separated from the original relatively closed rural geographical environment and cultural environment , thus having more behavior choice space , no more absolute social public opinion pressure can severely weaken the living standard and social status of the peasants .

Only in the countryside re - establish the social capital in daily life , form enough social pressure to maintain social order in the rural area , thus make the rural dispute resolution be able to form good interaction and mutual coordination among the pluralistic dispute resolution mode , can the benign interaction between the country and society can be completed in daily life .

Community construction needs to solve the reconstruction of farmer ' s interpersonal relationship , and the special trust extension established on the basis of blood and geographical edge is the universal trust based on the division of labor . This needs to solve two problems , one is the professionalism of the peasant ' s role and the socialization of the secondary group . Through the solution of these two problems , the transformation of the identity of the farmer into the general trust and the reconstruction of the relationship between the peasant ' s modernization and the formation of the pluralistic and ordered social capital structure provide the social structure foundation for the construction of the pluralistic rural dispute settlement mechanism with the centre of justice .

Based on the above analysis , in order to establish a dispute settlement mechanism adapted to the rural social order in the transition society , it is necessary to start from the practice of daily life in the countryside , to cultivate sufficient social capital in the daily life practice of the peasants , to produce the trust mechanism which can meet the needs of the countryside , to participate in the network and to adapt to the standard system . Only in this way , the rural social change can provide a sufficient social basis for the establishment of the dispute resolution system , and can satisfy the social capital requirement of the traditional rural society and the dispute resolution mechanism of the change society , and form the modern dispute resolution mechanism based on the modern rule of law concept .
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D90-052

【参考文献】