白居易《甲乙判》研究

发布时间：2018-06-20 05:47

本文选题：甲乙判 + 通过文学的法律　；参考：《中国政法大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：《甲乙判》是唐代伟大的现实主义诗人白居易留下的判词集,不仅是一部极具文学价值的作品,也是研究唐代法律文化、法律思想的极好材料。本文的目的就在于通过对判词的分析,探讨其中的法律思想以及儒家法律哲学某些方面的问题,并且分析其对当下法治建设的意义。《甲乙判》的创作有深刻的历史背景和制度背景。首先,唐代立法的成熟和法典的完善要求有高质量的判词做制度的辅助文书,反过来,制度的完善也促进判文写作水平的不断进步;其次,唐代确立了完善的诉讼制度,严格追究司法官的责任,因此,判词写作需要极高的技巧;最后,但也是最直接的制度根源是唐代科举制度与铨选制度十分注重对判词写作的考察,士子必须不断提高书判写作水平才有可能获取官职。本文将《甲乙判》分为四大类:针对法律案件的判词、针对礼教问题的判词、针对礼法关系的判词、针对与礼法无涉案件的判词,其中在判词数量中所占比重最大的是针对法律案件的判词,其次是针对礼法关系的判词,针对与礼法无涉案件的案件位居第三,最后是针对礼教问题的判词。在这四类判词中,白居易全面地表达了他对法律问题、礼教问题乃至生活中某些现象的看法,涉及面十分广泛。《甲乙判》是一部用“文学化”表达的法律作品,即通过文学的法律,判词的分类和判词写作的历史变革考察对把握判词文学性特征具有重要作用。从中国古代判词文体流变的角度看,《甲乙判》属于骈判,但本文认为,《甲乙判》的判词推理清晰,通俗易懂,已经具有散判的某些风格。另外,《甲乙判》判题经常涉及到具有法律意义的案件事实,若不考虑判词书写主体的身份,《甲乙判》甚至具备了实判的特征。在唐代,判词写作亦有三个阶段,《甲乙判》从形式上看属于第二阶段,但是白居易不仅扣紧当时社会现实问题,还积极探讨法律疑难问题,尽管并非真正出自州县疑狱,又具有第一阶段的遗风。《甲乙判》集中体现了白居易早期的法律思想。在写作过程中,白居易坚决贯彻“引经决狱”的司法审判原则。若说在针对法律案件的判词一类判词中援引经义仅启到加强说服力的作用,那么在针对礼教问题的判词、一部分针对礼法关系的判词、针对与礼法均无涉案件的判词则大量地引用经典作为断案的唯一依据。但是,在援引经义判案的过程中,白居易又时常在不同的经籍中摇摆不定,莫衷一是,缺乏一以贯之的准据。另外,作为唐代著名的现实主义大诗人,《甲乙判》还体现了白居易的民本主义思想。白居易还从法律的效用出发,提出“法有驰张”的法律思想。此外,白居易提出了礼法相跌为用的主张,这是对儒家司法哲学的一次修正。针对西方汉学界颇为流行的将西方自然法等同于儒家之“礼”的观点,本文认为这种类推并不成立,毋宁说,《甲乙判》体现的是一种均衡论思想。原因有二:其一、中国的“礼”缺乏西方传统之下的自然法那种绝对的超验性和永恒性;其二,中国的“礼”表现出来的差异性让“礼”在司法审判中往往使裁判者摇摆不定,这点在《甲乙判》中体现得十分明显。而《甲乙判》在适用准则上的“因地制宜”“因时而异”,从本质上说是一种最求个案平衡的均衡论。《甲乙判》的研究对中国现代法治建设中的某些方面,如法制宣传、判例制度、判决写作具有启发意义。
[Abstract]:It is not only a very literary works , but also an excellent material to study the legal culture and legal thought of the Tang Dynasty . The purpose of this paper is to explore the legal thought and the problems in some aspects of the Confucian legal philosophy through the analysis of the judgment , and to analyze its significance to the construction of the present rule of law .

First of all , the perfection of the legislation in the Tang Dynasty and the perfection of the code demanded that there be a high - quality auxiliary instrument , in turn , the perfection of the system should promote the progressive progress of the writing level of the sentence ; secondly , the Tang Dynasty established a perfect system of litigation , which strictly investigated the responsibility of the Chief Justice ; and finally , the most direct system is that the imperial examination system and the selection system of the Tang Dynasty pay great attention to the investigation of the writing of the sentence , and the scholar must improve the writing level to obtain the official position .

This paper is divided into four categories : the judgment of the legal case , the judgment of the relation of the gift , the judgment of the relation of the gift and law , the judgment of the law case , the third in the case of the law - related case , and finally the judgment of the question of the protocol .

From the point of view of the historical change of the Chinese ancient judgments , the author thinks that the author ' s judgment is very clear , easy to understand and has a certain style which has been handed down . In the Tang Dynasty , the author also has three stages , but it is easy not only to fasten the social reality , but also to probe into the difficult problems of the law . Although not really from the state of the state , but also has the first stage of the remains .

In the process of writing , Bai Juyi has made a great deal of reference to the principle of judicial trial in the early years of Confucianism . In the course of the writing process , Bai Juyi has made a great deal of reference to the principle of the judicial trial of " guiding the prison sentence " . In addition , it is quite obvious that it is not established in the course of the judgment of the law .

The research of Jia Yi - yi ' s judgment is of great significance to some aspects of the construction of modern rule of law in China , such as legal publicity , case system and judgement writing .
【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：I207.6;D929;D920.0

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