法理学视野下法的民族精神探析

发布时间：2018-06-24 02:04

本文选题：民族精神 + 萨维尼　；参考：《广西师范大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：民族是人类群体存在的最为普遍的形式,在长期的民族共同生活和社会实践中,会产生为民族大多数成员所认同和接受的思想观念、价值取向、心理情感、道德规范和文化传统,这些因素的总和和延伸便表现出为民族精神,民族精神成为民族生生不息持续进步的内在源力,并对民族的语言、艺术、宗教以及法律的起源和发展产生重要的作用和影响。民族精神作为一个现代话语,其概念最早是由西方学者提出的,是十八世纪的欧洲“精神科学”发展的理论结果,也是欧洲民族主义形成过程中的重要成果。因而,在法学领域,维柯、孟德斯鸠、黑格尔以及以萨维尼为代表的历史法学派对民族精神与法之间的关系都有过不同角度的理解和分析,提出了各自鲜明的观点和理论。木文正是基于法的民族精神的历史考察,从法理学的角度对民族精神与法的互动关系进行探析和研究,力求明晰法与民族、法与民族精神之间存在的相互作用和影响,通过对民族精神与法的精神、法律文化、法的运行、法律移植的关系的分析,以求多视角展现法的民族精神的体现和贯彻的手段和过程。进而在论述法的民族精神的一般原理的基础上,将视角转向中国法,一方面探求中国传统法的民族精神所具有的内涵,强调中国法的民族性特点；另一方面,探讨在当今各民族国家竞争日益加剧的现实环境中,对如何培育和弘扬当代中国法的民族精神以及如何促进中国法治建设的问题进行讨论。本文主要分四个部分。第一部分主要探讨了民族精神的一般概念。即从民族以及民族精神历史发展的角度,对民族精神概念在十八世纪欧洲诞生的背景、路径以及各学者对其的解读进行研究,并分析了当前国内对民族精神概念的分歧,表明作为学术研究的“民族精神”概念和作为教育宣传的“民族精神”的概念是有所区别的,为下文关于法的民族精神的探讨做好理论准备。第二部分是基于法理学的视野展开对民族精神的研究。在西方法学思想中,各个思想家关于法的民族精神的论述各有特点,但法的民族精神论的集大成者还是历史法学派代表人萨维尼,其所提出的“法源自民族精神”的观点冲击了理性自然法的基础,引导人们关注对历史和民族的考察,其理论也为后人所激烈争辩。在对法的民族精神历史研究的基础上,本文粗略总结了法的民族精神的概念和特点,并试图扩大民族精神的法理维度,从法的精神等方面对法与民族精神的互动关系进行探索,以挖掘民族精神的深层次的法理内涵。第三部分是将对法的民族精神的研究本土化,视角转向中国传统法的民族精神,对中国传统法所包含和蕴藏的体现中华民族个性的特质作理论化的提炼,表明中国传统法的民族精神表现为自然法精神、宗法伦理精神和刑治精神,以期能为当代中国法的民族精神的培育和弘扬提供有益的借鉴。第四部分是研究在当前全球化浪潮中,我国不仅要培育和弘扬以爱国主义的民族精神,还要构筑中华民族法治精神,这是扬弃传统法的民族精神的需要,也是引导民众树立法治精神,推进我国法治现代化进程,提升国际竞争力的必要。总之,本文以文献参考和研究为主要方法,对法理视野中的民族精神作了历史的、比较的、民族的分析,表明法与民族精神的互动关系不仅仅局限于法的本体论一方面,法的精神、法律文化的进步也需要民族精神的参与；也表明民族精神的培育和弘扬也不限于爱国主义,民族法治精神也是当代社会在追求经济发展和文明进步中所必须构建的因素。
[Abstract]:The nation is the most common form of the existence of the human population . In the long - term national common life and social practice , it will produce the ideology , value orientation , psychological emotion , moral norm and cultural tradition which are accepted and accepted by most members of the nation . The sum and extension of these factors appear as the inner source of the sustained progress of the nation ' s life and life , and play an important role and influence on the national language , art , religion and the origin and development of the law .

As a modern discourse , the concept of the national spirit is first put forward by western scholars . It is the theoretical result of the development of the spirit science in the eighteenth century , and it is also the important achievement in the process of European nationalism .
On the other hand , we discuss how to cultivate and carry forward the national spirit of contemporary Chinese law and how to promote the construction of the rule of law in China .

This paper is divided into four parts .

The first part mainly discusses the general concept of national spirit .

The second part is the study of the national spirit based on the view of jurisprudence . In the western legal thought , each thinker ' s discourse on the national spirit of the law is different , but the idea of the national spirit of the law is the basis of the historical law school representative . The theory of the " law derived from the national spirit " , which is based on the historical research of the national spirit of the law , gives a rough summary of the concept and characteristics of the national spirit of the law , and attempts to expand the legal dimension of the national spirit , and explore the interaction between the law and the national spirit in terms of the spirit of the law and so on , so as to excavate the deep legal connotation of the national spirit .

The third part is to study the national spirit of the law , and turn the angle of view to the national spirit of Chinese traditional law . It shows that the national spirit of Chinese traditional law embodies the spirit of natural law , the spirit of patriarchal ethics and the spirit of criminal punishment , so as to provide beneficial reference for the cultivation and promotion of the national spirit of contemporary Chinese law .

The fourth part is that in the current wave of globalization , China will not only cultivate and carry forward the national spirit of patriotism , but also construct the spirit of the rule of law of the Chinese nation . This is the need to abandon the national spirit of the traditional law , and it is necessary to guide the people to establish the spirit of the rule of law , advance the process of modernization of the rule of law in our country and promote the international competitiveness .

In short , the article takes the literature reference and the research as the main method , makes a historical , comparative and national analysis of the national spirit in the field of jurisprudence , shows that the interaction between law and national spirit is not limited to the ontology aspect of law , the spirit of law , the progress of legal culture also needs the participation of national spirit ;
It also shows that the cultivation and promotion of the national spirit is not limited to patriotism , the spirit of the national rule of law is also the factor that the contemporary society must construct in the pursuit of economic development and civilization progress .
【学位授予单位】：广西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D90

【参考文献】