我国人民陪审员制度的历史考察

发布时间：2018-06-26 22:02

本文选题：陪审制度 + 陪审制度的渊源　；参考：《西南政法大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：人民陪审制员制度，是国家审判机关吸收普通公民参与案件审判活动的一项司法制度，是我国司法制度中一项具有中国特色的制度。在中国人民陪审员制度并不是土生土长的，而是舶来品，我国现行人民陪审员制度是沿袭苏联模式而来的，但其在发展过程中不断增加中国特色，逐渐形成具有中国特色的陪审制度。本文拟从历史的角度对我国陪审制度进行考察，尽可能提供一个全景式的视角来观察和认识我国的陪审员制度，从而揭示陪审制度在我国历史发展中的一些基本原则、基本规律，为陪审制度在我国的完善提出切实可行的建议。文章第一部分是关于远古时代我国陪审制度的历史渊源，主要叙述西周时期《周礼》中“三刺”之法与现代陪审制度相关联的内容，对周代是否出现陪审制度进行论证。文章第二部分是关于陪审制度于清末时期在我国移植的概况，其中又包括三个方面的内容：陪审制度于清末移植的背景；陪审制度移植的立法概况；因陪审制度移植在清末引起的争议。清末陪审制度的移植由于当时中国国家权力机构和封建传统文化与西方资产阶级文化存在很大差异，在高度中央集权统治下不可能形成类似于西方陪审制度的纠纷解决机制。清末陪审制度移植以失败告终。文章第三部分是关于民国时期我国陪审制度的初步尝试，因当时政权的不稳定，，在北洋军阀的统治下，国民政府颁布的一系列法律法规没有得到切实有效的贯彻实施，当然陪审制度也在其中，民国时期对陪审制度的初步尝试成果甚微，陪审制度没有得到进一步发展。文章第四部分是新民主主义革命时期我国陪审制度的发展。新民主主义革命时期，在中国共产党的领导下，中共经过大革命时期人民陪审制度的尝试,到土地革命时期的初步创立，再到抗战时期的发展和完善，以及解放战争时期的新发展，在实践和探索中不断地将这一制度中国化、本土化，从而一步步建立起具有中国特色的人民陪审制度，陪审制度在我国得以正式确立。文章第五部分是将新中国成立后至今我国陪审制度的发展做一个系统的阐述，将陪审制度在这一阶段的发展分为四步，即1951年至1966年为陪审制度在中国初步确立和全面发展阶段；1979至1982年为陪审制度在中国重新恢复阶段；1982至1999年为陪审制度在我国的淡化阶段；1999年至今为中国陪审制度的改革阶段。人民陪审制度于文革期间停滞，后于七十年代末恢复重建，自恢复重建时起至九十年代末，陪审制度重新得到重视，但陪审制度在司法实务中遭遇了很多困境并显示出诸多弊端，由此一度引发了学界“陪审制度的存废之争”。这一时期我国陪审制度经历了跌宕起伏的生命历程，但陪审制度的法律地位上升，成为在立法中不可或缺的一部分。并且陪审制度的实施对我国司法制度的完善，推进司法独立，司法民主具有重要意义。文章第六部分是对陪审制度的再思考，对上文我国陪审制度的历史发展作总体阐述，站在宏观、历史的角度对我国陪审制度发展进行评价，指出陪审制度对我国司法现代化的重要作用，并指出其存在的不足及完善措施，对陪审制度在我国的进一步发展充满期待。总之，目前我国正处于社会转型的关键时期，随着社会变革的展开，尽快形成中国民众对法治目标和法律权威的认同、对社会核心价值观念与行为模式的认同，是我国社会转型时期面临的重大挑战。在这种改革浪潮中，陪审制度在维护司法公正与民主方面的固有价值被重新唤起。最高人民法院刚刚发布的《人民法院第三个五年改革纲要（2009-2013)))明确提出：“要进一步完善人民陪审员制度，扩大人民陪审员的选任范围，规范人民审判员参与审理案件的活动，健全相关管理制度，落实保障措施。”这也为将来如何完善我国人民陪审制度指明方向。
[Abstract]:The people's jury system is a judicial system that the state judicial organ absorbs the trial activities of the ordinary citizens and is a system with Chinese characteristics in our judicial system. The system of the Chinese people's jurors is not a native, but a foreign product. The current system of the people's jurors in China is followed by the Soviet model. But in the course of its development, the Chinese characteristics are constantly added and the jury system with Chinese characteristics is gradually formed. This article is intended to investigate the jury system in China from a historical perspective and provide a panoramic view of the jury system in our country as far as possible, and to reveal some of the jurors' system in the history of our country. The basic principles and basic laws put forward practical suggestions for the improvement of the jury system in our country. The first part of the article is about the historical origin of the jury system in our country in the ancient times, mainly describing the internal capacity of the "three prickle" in the Western Zhou Dynasty and the modern jury system in the Zhou Dynasty, and to prove whether Zhou Dai appeared on the jury system. The second part of the article is about the general situation of the transplantation of jury system in China in the late Qing Dynasty, including three aspects: the background of the jury system in the late Qing Dynasty; the legislative general situation of the jury system transplantation; the dispute caused by the transplantation of the jury system in the late Qing Dynasty. The transplantation of the jury system at the end of the Qing Dynasty was due to the state power machine at that time in China There is a great difference between the feudal traditional culture and the western bourgeois culture. It is impossible to form a dispute settlement mechanism similar to the Western jury system under the high centralization of centralized power. The third part of the article is a preliminary attempt on the system of accompanying trial in China during the period of the Republic of China, because the regime was not at the time. Under the rule of the northern warlords, a series of laws and regulations promulgated by the national government have not been effectively and effectively implemented. Of course, the jury system is also in it. The preliminary trial results of the jury system in the Republic of China are very small and the jury system has not been further developed. The fourth part of the article is our country in the period of the new democratic revolution. The development of the jury system. Under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, the Chinese Communist Party passed the trial of the people's jury system in the period of the great revolution, to the initial establishment of the period of the land revolution, to the development and perfection of the period of the war of resistance, and to the new development during the period of the war of liberation, and constantly put this system in China in practice and exploration. The fifth part of the article is to make a systematic exposition of the development of the jury system in China since the founding of new China, and the development of the jury system in this stage is divided into four steps, that is, from 1951 to 1966, the jury system is the jury. The system was initially established and fully developed in China; from 1979 to 1982, the jury system was restored in China; from 1982 to 1999, the jury system was desalinated in our country; in 1999 it was the reform stage of the Chinese jury system. The people's jury system was stagnated during the period of the cultural revolution, and then resumed and rebuilt in the late 70s. The jury system was re valued at the end of the 90s, but the jury system encountered a lot of difficulties in the judicial practice and showed a lot of disadvantages, which once caused the debate of "the existence and abolition of the jury system" in the academic circle. The sixth part of the article is the rethinking of the jury system, the overall exposition of the historical development of the jury system in our country, from the macroscopic and historical point of view. The evaluation of the development of the National Jury System points out the important role of the jury system in the modernization of China's judicature, and points out its shortcomings and measures, and is full of expectations for the further development of the jury system in our country.
At present, our country is at the key period of social transformation. With the development of social transformation, the identification of the Chinese people on the objective of the rule of law and the authority of the law as soon as possible, the identification of the core values and behavior patterns of the society is a major challenge in the period of social transformation in China. In this wave of reform, the jury system is in the maintenance department. The inherent value of law justice and democracy has been rearoused. The Supreme People's court has just issued the "third five year reform outline of the people's Court (2009-2013))." the people's jury system should be further perfected, the scope of the selection of the people's assessors should be expanded, and the activities of the people's judges to participate in the cases are regulated, and the relevant relations should be perfected. The management system and the implementation of safeguards "also indicate the direction for improving the people's jury system in the future.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D929

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