巴西生物安全立法与转基因作物的应用

发布时间：2018-06-29 19:56

本文选题：转基因 + 《生物安全法》　；参考：《华中农业大学学报》2014年06期

【摘要】：巴西目前有37个转基因品种获准商业化,转基因性状包括除草剂抗性、昆虫和病毒抗性。《巴西生物安全法》对科研及市场产品研发过程中如何安全运用遗传工程技术建立了指导准则,该法设立了新的机构并让高校与政府机构参与共同制定生物安全指导方针、进行风险评估和行政监督。根据该法,巴西设立了"国家生物安全理事会"(CNBS),并重组了"国家生物安全技术委员会"(CTNBio)。CTNBio负责建立生物安全指导准则,并向所有从事转基因生物相关机构颁发"生物安全许可证"(CQB)。《生物安全法》将所有违反其准则的行为或不作为均视为违法。在注册与监督机构(OERF)确定制裁标准、规定罚金数额并提交给联邦政府后,即可对违法行为实施制裁。除此之外,巴西有关转基因生物的重要法规还有第8078号法,该条款赋予国内所有消费者知情权。依据该法律,巴西司法部建立了食品标识体系,规定人体食用或饲料用食品或食品成分若含有超过1%的转基因生物成分,必须在商品标签上注明并附转基因标志(正中间含有字母T的黄色三角形)。不可否认,在这部新的《生物安全法》颁布实施后,遗传工程技术在巴西农业中的应用呈现快速增长。毫无疑问,在各机构的协作参与下,生物安全立法框架中的法律、规定和指导准则联合作用,让投资者、科研工作者、公私营机构及其他所有巴西农业的利益相关者重拾信心。
[Abstract]:Thirty-seven transgenic Brazilian varieties have been commercialized, including herbicide resistance. Resistance to insects and viruses. The Brazilian Biosafety Act establishes guidelines for the safe use of genetic engineering techniques in scientific research and market product development. The law creates new institutions and involves colleges and universities with government agencies in the development of biosafety guidelines, risk assessment and administrative oversight. Under the Act, Brazil established the National Council on Biosafety (CNBS) and reorganized the National Biosafety Technical Council (CTNBio) .CTNBio to establish guidelines on biosafety, Biosafety permits (CQB) are issued to all institutions involved in genetically modified organisms. The Biosafety Act makes it illegal to act or omit to act in violation of its norms. Sanctions for violations can be imposed after the registration and oversight body (OERF) establishes the sanctions, sets the amount of the fine and submits it to the federal government. In addition, Brazil's important GMO regulations include Act No. 8078, which gives all consumers in the country the right to know. Under the law, the Brazilian Ministry of Justice has established a food labelling system that stipulates that foods or food ingredients used for human consumption or feed contain more than 1 percent of genetically modified biological ingredients. The trade label must be marked and affixed with the genetically modified logo (yellow triangle with the letter T in the middle). It is undeniable that the application of genetic engineering technology in Brazilian agriculture has increased rapidly after the new Biosafety Act was enacted. There is no doubt that the combined role of laws, regulations and guidelines in the biosafety legislative framework, with the collaboration of institutions, will restore confidence to investors, researchers, public and private institutions and all other Brazilian agricultural stakeholders.
【作者单位】：巴西农业科学研究院大豆部;巴西农业科学研究院总部;巴西圣保罗大学医学部;巴西农业部畜牧和食品供应处;华中农业大学作物遗传改良国家重点实验室;
【分类号】：D977.7;S188

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