《申报》与西方法文化传播（1872-1882）

发布时间：2018-07-02 12:17

本文选题：《申报》 + 西方法文化　；参考：《湘潭大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：近代中国,西方法文化的主要传播者有传教士、西方商人、洋幕宾和洋雇员、留学生、国外归来的游历者等。西方法文化的主要传播途径有译书、创办近代报刊等。在西方法文化的众多传播途径中,近代报刊影响面最广、效果最好。因此,研究近代报刊传播西方法文化是全面考察中国法制现代化进程必不可少的组成部分。考察近代报刊,就必须考察近代上海报刊,因为上海一直是近代中国公认的新闻中心。考察近代上海报刊,就必须考察《申报》,因为《申报》是近代上海乃至近代中国最具代表性的民办商业报纸。《申报》通过在“社论”、“新闻”等部分发表大量的关于法制方面的评论、报道文章,集中向国人介绍英美法系的法律制度,传播了大量的西方近代资产阶级的法律理念、原则。同时通过连载大量的典型案例,生动形象地传播了西方资产阶级的法律文化。重要的是,《申报》密切关注社会局势,以评论重大社会事件为契机,以西方法文化为参照,激烈地揭露、抨击中国落后、黑暗的传统法制,为西方法律制度大规模的传入近代中国提供了前提。早期《申报》对于西方法文化的传播,具有较强的时代性和变革性。它所传播的近代西方资产阶级的法律理念和原则,如三权分立、法律面前人人平等、无罪推定、律师辩护、公开审判、反对超期羁押等等,使更多的国人认识到了中国传统法制的黑暗与落后,更认识到了晚清法制变革的必要性、紧迫性,明确了法制变革的目标方向,为推进中国法制的近代化聚集了力量,推动了中国的法制现代化进程。大众传媒在社会转型时期所发挥的巨大重要作用可见一斑。此外,《申报》以西方法文化为武器,积极评论中国的法制案件,使得案件迅速引起社会舆论的强烈关注,起到了监督司法公正的重要作用,也避免了冤假错案的大量发生。也应指出的是,早期《申报》对于西方法文化的传播具有明显的实用主义倾向,传播、介绍的往往不够深入、详细,在认识上还常常出现“西学中源”的错误看法。然而,我们也不应对其求全责备,早期《申报》在市场上的初步兴盛,说明其这一做法适应了当时读者的需求,有助于国人接受、理解西方法文化。准确全面地认识《申报》所传播的西方法律文化,将有助于我们更好地把握报刊这一大众传播媒介在近代中国社会转型与文化变迁之互动过程中所担当的角色及其历史意义。
[Abstract]:In modern China, the main disseminators of western law culture include missionaries, Western businessmen, foreign staff, foreign employees, foreign students and foreign visitors. The main channels of communication of western law culture are translation books, and modern newspapers and periodicals. In the many ways of western law culture, modern newspapers and periodicals have the most extensive influence and the best effect. Therefore, the research results are best. Therefore, research on the best effect. The dissemination of western law culture in modern newspapers and periodicals is an integral part of the comprehensive investigation of the process of modernization of Chinese legal system. To investigate modern newspapers and periodicals, it is necessary to inspect modern Shanghai newspapers and periodicals, because Shanghai has always been recognized as the news center in modern China. To inspect modern Shanghai newspapers and periodicals, it is necessary to examine the "Declaration >" because < declaration > is the modern Shanghai and even close to the near future. On behalf of the most representative private commercial newspapers in China, the declaration has published a large number of comments on the legal system in the "editorials", "news" and other parts, reporting articles, concentrating on the legal system of Anglo American legal system, spreading a large number of modern western bourgeois legal ideas, principles, and by carrying a large number of codes. The case, vividly and vividly disseminate the legal culture of the western bourgeoisie. It is important that the "Declaration >" pay close attention to the social situation, to comment on the important social events as a turning point and take the western law culture as the reference, to expose and criticizing the backward and dark traditional legal system of China, and to provide the western legal system to modern China in a large scale before it is introduced into the modern China. Mention.
Early < declaration > for the spread of western law culture has a strong epochal and transformative nature. The legal ideas and principles of modern western bourgeoisie, such as the separation of the three powers, equality before the law, the presumption of innocence before the law, the defense of the lawyer, the open trial, the overdue detention and so on, have made more and more people aware of the traditional Chinese legal system. The darkness and backwardness also recognize the necessity and urgency of the reform of the legal system in the late Qing Dynasty. It has clearly defined the direction of the reform of the legal system, gathered the strength for the modernization of the Chinese legal system and promoted the process of the modernization of China's legal system. Culture as a weapon, actively commenting on legal cases in China, caused the case to arouse the strong attention of the public opinion, played an important role in supervising judicial justice, and avoided a large number of false cases. It should also be pointed out that the early "Declaration >" for the spread of western law culture has obvious pragmatism tendency, spread and mediate. Shao is often not enough in depth. In detail, there are often misconceptions of "the source of Western learning" in cognition. However, we should not seek to be full of blame. Early "Declaration >" in the market is initially prosperous, which shows that this method adapted to the needs of the readers at that time, and helps the people to accept, understand the western law culture. The western legal culture of the newspaper will help us to better grasp the role and historical significance of the mass media in the process of the interaction between the social transformation and cultural changes in modern China.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D909.1;G219.29

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