法治的社会成本分析

发布时间：2018-07-03 14:07

本文选题：法治 + 社会成本　；参考：《辽宁师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：法治无论是作为一种政治理念，一种治国方略，还是作为法学的一个基本范畴，都可以说源远流长，内涵丰富。党的十五大把依法治国作为党领导人民治理国家的基本方略，把建设社会主义法治国家作为建设中国特色社会主义政治的基本内容。第九届全国人大第二次会议以宪法修正案的方式，把依法治国和法治国家提升为政治文明的范畴。这对于全国建设小康社会，开创中国特色社会主义事业新局面具有深远的意义。依法治国，建设社会主义法治国家，是前所未有的伟大创举，是举世瞩目的超级工程，，涉及一系列重大的理论和现实问题，既包括宏观的，也包含微观的。法治成本是指城市依法治理过程中所耗费的人力、物力和财力的总和。一般由立法成本、执法成本、守法成本等方面构成。立法成本是指立法机关制定、修改、废除法律法规活动本身所耗费的费用。执法成本是指司法机关和行政执法部门保障法律法规运行而必须支付的相关费用。守法成本是指公民、法人、社会组织遵守法律而必须支付的相关费用。强调法治成本意识,意义在于追求法治资源配置的合理化和法治效用实现的最大化。法治资源是有限的,不能也不允许滥用,我们应当学会根据有限的法治资源解决实际的社会需要,并且做到科学计算合理分配。法律以发生效用为目标,低效无效的法律其实就是无用多余的法律,我们应当重视法律效用问题,要使所制定的法律法规减少乃至消除执行与遵守的障碍。所以,强调法治成本意识对于建设社会主义法治具有实质性的意义。法治成本既非越低越好,也非越高越好,关键在于适度。要看两点，一是社会能否承受所投入的法治成本；二是所投入的法治成本是否能够产出最大效用。有些法律法规制定出来以后基本闲置不用,因为需要投入的执法成本和守法成本太高,是当前社会无法承受的,故而成为所谓纸面法律。具体而言,立法成本并非越低越好,为了保证立法质量,相反应当适度提高立法直接成本。执法成本高低在很大程度上受到立法活动以及立法质量影响,当然,执法活动本身也存在调控执法成本的余地。虽然总体需要控制执法成本,但是在一定时期一定条件下通过提高执法成本加大执法力度是社会必需的。守法成本在很大程度上既取决于立法的设计,在一定程度上也取决执法的安排。但是无论是立法的设计还是执法的安排,都要追求降低守法成本,使守法活动方便一些、经济一些。本文由四部分组成：第一部分——法治及法治价值追求的解读。在这一部分，主要揭示了法治的内涵，对中西方学者对法治的不同的界定进行了分析。并对法治的价值追求进行了分析，主要包括正义、平等、自由、效率等原则，为后面的写作奠定了理论基础。第二部分——法治社会成本的概念解读。成本和实际成本的理论从两个方面理解成本对经济的影响。社会范围内的社会成本由短期成本和长期成本的总和构成。关于社会成本分析方法在社会学里的立法的特点和作用。并研究法律两种学说“无成本论”和“高成本论”。第三部分——立法成本和实施成本的分析。立法成本由直接成本和间接成本构成。实施成本包括守法成本和执法成本和司法成本。第四部分——法治的社会成本的控制。需要控制的法律规则和法治成本的控制方式。制度建设，非系统方法，系统和技术相结合的方法。
[Abstract]:The rule of law , whether as a political concept , a ruling country strategy or a basic category of law , can be said to have long history and rich connotation . The congress of the Ninth National People ' s Congress , with the amendment of the constitution , has a far - reaching significance for building a well - off society in China and building a socialist cause with Chinese characteristics .

The cost of law is the sum of labor , material resources and financial resources consumed in the process of administration of law . The cost of law refers to the cost of the legislative cost , the law enforcement cost and the law - abiding cost . The cost of law enforcement refers to the maximization of the legal utility of citizens , legal persons and social organizations . We should learn to solve the practical social needs according to the limited rule of law resources , and we should pay attention to the legal utility problems . Therefore , we should attach importance to the legal utility problems . Therefore , it is important to emphasize the consciousness of the cost of the rule of law to construct the socialist rule of law .

The lower the cost of the rule of law , the better it is , the better it is , the better the key lies in the moderate . To see two points , it is whether the society can bear the cost of the rule of law committed ;
Second , whether the cost of law enforcement can output the maximum utility . Some laws and regulations have been developed and the law enforcement costs are too high to be borne by the current society .

The first part is the interpretation of the pursuit of the value of the rule of law and the value of the rule of law . In this part , the connotation of the rule of law is mainly revealed , and the definition of the rule of law by Chinese and Western scholars is analyzed . The value pursuit of the rule of law is analyzed , including justice , equality , freedom and efficiency , which lays a theoretical foundation for later writing .

The second part is the concept of the social cost of the rule of law . The theory of cost and actual cost is composed of the sum of short - term cost and long - term cost . The social cost in the social range is composed of the sum of short - term cost and long - term cost .

Part III : Analysis of legislative cost and implementation cost . The legislative cost is composed of direct cost and indirect cost . The implementation cost includes law - abiding cost and law enforcement cost and judicial cost .

The fourth part is the control of the social cost of the rule of law . The legal rules and the cost of the rule of law need to be controlled . The system construction , the non - system method , the system and the technology are combined .
【学位授予单位】：辽宁师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D920.0;D90-05

【参考文献】