论美国1798年的《惩治叛乱法》

发布时间：2018-07-04 20:22

本文选题：惩治叛乱法 + 约翰·亚当斯　；参考：《山东大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：1798年,美国联邦党人为了解决当时美国面临的内忧外患问题,推动美国国会通过了《惩治叛乱法》(The Sedition Act)。对《惩治叛乱法》进行研究,有助于我们思考一个民主政府在面对国内外危机时如何应对合宜的问题。本文将对美国1798年《惩治叛乱法》出台的历史背景、国会辩论、司法实践以及最终失效等问题做一整体论述。全文约三万字,共分为四个部分。第一部分,《惩治叛乱法》出台的历史背景。自美国建国以来,联邦党人和民主共和党人在政见上存在着巨大分歧,随着法国革命的逐步深入,双方围绕美法关系展开了激烈讨论。在美法关系破裂并进入“准战争”的情况下,联邦党人面对内忧外患,决心立刻采取措施稳定国内局势。第二部分,《惩治叛乱法》的出台。这部分讨论了《惩治叛乱法》的主要内容以及国会关于《惩治叛乱法》的激烈辩论,以此来说明联邦党人和民主共和党人对《惩治叛乱法》的基本看法。第三部分,《惩治叛乱法》的司法实践。这部分以联邦法院的巡回法官们根据《惩治叛乱法》做出的三个“最臭名昭著”的审判为例来说明联邦党人推行《惩治叛乱法》的方法,这是联邦党人和民主共和党人的又一轮交锋,虽然这些审判的结果是联邦党人所期盼的,但是却没有达到联邦党人的目的。第四部分,《惩治叛乱法》的失效。《惩治叛乱法》是必要的,但是由于它的规定与联邦宪法相违背,因而缺乏坚实的宪法基础。民主共和党人以此为突破口,最终取得了1800年大选的胜利。而联邦党人因《惩治叛乱法》声名狼藉,在1800年选举中不仅失去了总统宝座,还失去了在国会的优势。民主共和党人执政以后,《惩治叛乱法》没有得到延续,有效期满自动废止
[Abstract]:In 1798, in order to solve the internal and external problems facing the United States, the United States Federalists pushed the Congress to pass the Sedition Act). The study of the Anti-Rebellion Law is helpful for us to think about how a democratic government should deal with the appropriate problems in the face of domestic and foreign crises. This paper deals with the historical background, the debate in Congress, the judicial practice and the final invalidation of the Anti-Rebellion Act of 1798 in the United States. The full text about 30,000 words, a total of four parts. The first part, the historical background of the Anti-Rebellion Law. Since the founding of the United States, there have been great differences in political views between the federalists and the democratic Republicans. With the deepening of the French Revolution, the two sides have launched a heated discussion about the US-France relationship. With relations between the United States and France falling apart and entering a "quasi war," the federalists, faced with internal and external troubles, resolved to take immediate steps to stabilize the situation at home. The second part is the promulgation of the Anti-Rebellion Law. This part discusses the main contents of the Anti-Rebellion Act and the fierce debate in Congress on the Anti-Rebellion Law, which is used to explain the basic views of the Federalists and the Democratic Republicans on the Anti-Rebellion Law. The third part, the judicial practice of the Anti-Rebellion Law. This part takes the three "most notorious" trials handed down by circuit judges in federal courts under the Anti-Rebellion Act as an example of the way in which the Federalists enforce the Anti-Rebellion Act. This is another round of confrontation between the Federalists and the Democratic Republicans, and while the outcome of these trials is expected by the Federalists, it has failed to achieve the goals of the Federalists. The fourth part is the invalidation of the Anti-Rebellion Law, which is necessary, but it lacks a solid constitutional foundation because its provisions are contrary to the Federal Constitution. The Democrats took this as a breakthrough and finally won the 1800 election. The Federalists, notorious for the Rebellion Act, lost not only the presidency but also Congress in the 1800 election. After the Democratic Republican Party came to power, the Anti-Rebellion Law was not renewed and automatically repealed
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D971.2;DD911

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