立法规划制度实施效果探究

发布时间：2018-07-06 13:44

本文选题：立法 + 立法规划　；参考：《山东大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：立法规划是由立法主体根据党和国家的方针、政策以及国家经济和社会发展计划,在科学的立法预测的基础上,所拟定的一定时期内立法目标、措施和步骤的部署和安排。从八届人大常委会开始制定立法规划以来,我国已经制定出了五届立法规划。立法规划制度的实施对于加强立法规划的计划性、提高立法质量有着十分重要的意义和十分明显的作用。立法规划制度的内容包括很多方面,如立法规划的原则、分类以及立法规划的编制权限、程序以及实施保障等内容。在我国实施立法规划制度的二十多年,我国人大常委会的立法规划制度也经历了一些变迁。到目前,经历了多次变迁的我国人大常委会立法规划存在着这样一些特点：立法规划围绕立法目标进行；制定法律与修改法律并重；制定过程遵循一定程序；立法规划与立法计划紧密结合；立法数量呈下降趋势；起草和提请审议的主要部门是国务院。立法规划主要是按照启动立法项目,提出汇总立法项目,审查筛选立法项目,起草立法规划草案,审议、批准、公布立法规划,实施立法规划的程序进行的。研究一项制度,它的实施效果如何是一个十分重要的评价标准。但是,从人大常委会立法规划的特点结合相关的统计数据同时针对立法规划的实施程序来看,我国立法规划的实施效果并不是很理想,立法规划制度在实现过程中是存在一些问题的：一是强指令性和弱程序性的矛盾以及程序惯例和法定制度的矛盾导致立法规划内生的价值选择问题；二是立法规划立法规划的可行性不强,实现程度低；三是立法项目上存在着立法项目来源单一、项目申报定位不准、项目存在拼盘现象、立法时机把握不准等问题：四是没有充分发挥人大法工委在立法规划制度实施中的主导作用；五是立法规划的编制程序存在不合理和不完善的地方,如立法规划的启动时间不够合理、项目的审核缺乏规范、立法规划和计划的审批公告程序不够完善、缺乏立法规划草案公开征求意见的程序等。为解决立法规划制度在实施过程中存在的一些问题,本文最后提出了一些完善建议。首先要完善立法规划的编制程序：建立立法规划项目论证制度和媒体、网络公开制度,增强立法规划的民主性；编制立法规划是要保障立法规划具有连续性、滚动性；严格把控立法规划和年度立法计划的审批程序。第二是完善立法规划的实施保障,认真落实立法规划任务,认真检查立法规划的执行情况,及时采取必要的措施保证立法规划的完成。第三要重视立法规划的调整。第四加强人大自身的制度建设。第五充分挥发正式立法程序的功能。
[Abstract]:Legislative planning is the arrangement and arrangement of legislative objectives, measures and steps drawn up by the main body of legislation in a certain period of time according to the principles, policies and national economic and social development plans of the Party and the country, and on the basis of scientific legislative prediction. Since the eighth National people's Congress standing Committee began to formulate legislative plans, China has formulated five legislative plans. The implementation of legislative planning system plays a very important and obvious role in strengthening the planning of legislative planning and improving the quality of legislation. The content of the legislative planning system includes many aspects, such as the principle of legislative planning, the classification, the compilation authority, the procedure and the implementation guarantee of the legislative planning. The legislative planning system of the standing Committee of the National people's Congress has undergone some changes in the past twenty years since the implementation of the legislative planning system in China. At present, the legislative planning of the standing Committee of the National people's Congress (NPC), which has undergone many changes, has some characteristics: the legislative planning revolves around the legislative objectives, the formulation of the law and the revision of the law are equally emphasized, the process of making the legislation follows a certain procedure; Legislative planning and legislative plans are closely integrated; the number of legislation is on the decline; the main department for drafting and review is the State Council. The legislative planning is mainly carried out according to the procedure of starting the legislative project, putting forward the aggregate legislative project, examining and screening the legislative project, drafting the draft legislative plan, reviewing, approving, promulgating the legislative plan, and implementing the legislative plan. To study a system and how it is implemented is a very important evaluation standard. However, from the point of view of the characteristics of the legislative planning of the standing Committee of the National people's Congress and the relevant statistical data, and in view of the implementation procedures of the legislative planning, the implementation effect of the legislative planning in our country is not very satisfactory. There are some problems in the realization of the legislative planning system: first, the contradiction between strong command and weak procedure and the contradiction between procedural convention and legal system lead to the endogenous value choice of legislative planning; Second, the feasibility of legislative planning is not strong, and the degree of realization is low. The fourth problem is the failure to give full play to the leading role of the National people's Congress legal work Committee in the implementation of the legislative planning system, and the fifth is that there are some unreasonable and imperfect aspects in the compilation procedure of the legislative planning. For example, the starting time of the legislative plan is not reasonable, the audit of the project is not standardized, the procedure of the legislative plan and the examination and approval announcement of the plan is not perfect enough, and the procedure of public soliciting the opinions of the draft legislative plan is lacking, and so on. In order to solve some problems existing in the implementation of the legislative planning system, this paper finally puts forward some suggestions for perfection. First of all, it is necessary to perfect the compilation procedure of the legislative planning: to establish the demonstration system and the media of the legislative planning project, to make the network open system, to enhance the democracy of the legislative planning, to make the legislative planning to ensure the continuity and rolling of the legislative planning; Strictly control legislative planning and annual legislative plan approval procedures. The second is to improve the implementation of legislative planning, seriously implement legislative planning tasks, seriously check the implementation of legislative planning, and timely take necessary measures to ensure the completion of legislative planning. Third, attention should be paid to the adjustment of legislative planning. Fourth, strengthen the system construction of the people's Congress itself. Fifth fully volatilize the function of formal legislative procedure.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D920.0

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