立法改变和撤销制度探析

发布时间：2018-07-06 21:41

本文选题：立法监督 + 立法审查　；参考：《西南交通大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：实现依法治国,前提是所依据的法律必须是良法。世界各国注重对立法活动进行多种方式的监督和审查,并设立相应的立法监督制度确保所适用的“法”是“良法”。目前来看,我国已经形成了一套完整的立法监督体系,对防止立法权的异化、保证立法的科学性和完善我国的法制体系等具有不可估量的作用。然而,由于种种主客观因素的影响,我国已经制定并生效的规范性文件中存在许多违宪、违法或者不适当的情形却未能予以及时改变或撤销,故立法改变和撤销制度虽为立法监督的内容却长期处于“有名无实”的尴尬境地,其应有的作用尚未发挥出来。立法改变和撤销制度作为我国立法监督中的一项重要制度,直接影响着我国规范性文件的更改与存废,对于确保我国立法活动的科学运行起着不可忽视的作用。但从学界目前的研究成果来看,学者们对于我国立法改变和撤销制度研究甚少,而该制度本身又存在诸多问题。即便是在2015年3月15日第十二届全国人民代表大会第三次会议通过的《全国人民代表大会关于修改中华人民共和国立法法的决定》中,对地方立法权等在内的许多制度做出了修改,但遗憾的是,关于我国立法改变和撤销制度仅略微涉及。针对上述情况,笔者通过文献梳理法、比较分析法及实证分析法等多种方法,在我国现有规定的基础上,结合国外相关制度的规定,从理论和实践两个方面综合分析我国立法改变和撤销制度中存在的不足。按照这一思路,笔者将全文分为六章：首先,在绪论部分介绍选此论题的背景、研究现状、研究背景和研究方法；其次,通过两章内容详细介绍立法改变和撤销制度的基础理论以及我国这一制度的现状；再次,结合域外相关制度的规定,将我国立法改变和撤销制度置于整个立法体系中,分析该制度在主体权限、内容设置、程序运作以及实践效果等方面存在问题。最后,笔者针对这些问题,提出相应的浅见,以期完善我国立法改变和撤销制度：精确立法语言确保规定的统一性,明确立法改变和撤销主体的权限,充实立法改变和撤销制度的内容,建立统一的可操作标准,并通过相应的制度建设确保立法改变和撤销制度的运行；同时注重各监督方式之间的配合,真正建立起完善的立法改变和撤销制度以及一套完备的立法监督体系,为我国科学的立法活动保驾护航。
[Abstract]:To realize the rule of law, the premise is that the law must be good law. Countries all over the world pay attention to the supervision and examination of legislative activities in various ways, and set up the corresponding legislative supervision system to ensure that the applicable "law" is "good law". At present, China has formed a complete legislative supervision system, which has an inestimable effect on preventing the alienation of legislative power, ensuring the scientific nature of legislation and perfecting the legal system of our country. However, due to the influence of various subjective and objective factors, there are many unconstitutional, illegal or inappropriate cases in the normative documents that have been formulated and entered into force in our country, but they have not been changed or revoked in time. Therefore, although the system of legislative change and revocation is the content of legislative supervision, it has been in the embarrassing situation of "nominal reality" for a long time, and its function has not yet been brought into play. As an important system in the legislative supervision of our country, the system of legislative change and revocation has a direct impact on the change and retention of normative documents in our country, and plays an important role in ensuring the scientific operation of legislative activities in our country. However, from the current academic research results, there are few researches on the legislative change and revocation system in China, and there are many problems in the system itself. Even in the decision of the National people's Congress on amending the Legislative Law of the people's Republic of China, adopted at the third session of the Twelfth National people's Congress on 15 March 2015, Many systems, including local legislative power, have been modified, but unfortunately, the system of legislative change and revocation in China is only slightly involved. In view of the above situation, the author through literature combing, comparative analysis, empirical analysis and other methods, on the basis of the existing provisions of our country, combined with the relevant regulations of foreign countries, This paper comprehensively analyzes the deficiency of the legislative change and revocation system in our country from two aspects: theory and practice. According to this train of thought, the author divides the full text into six chapters: first, introduce the background, research status, research background and research methods of this topic in the introduction part; secondly, Through two chapters, the basic theory of legislative change and revocation system and the current situation of this system in China are introduced in detail. Thirdly, combining with the provisions of extraterritorial related system, the legislative change and revocation system of our country is placed in the whole legislative system. This paper analyzes the problems existing in the main authority, content setting, procedure operation and practice effect of the system. Finally, the author puts forward the corresponding superficial views in order to perfect the legislative change and revocation system of our country: precise legislative language to ensure the unity of provisions, clear legislative changes and revocation of the authority of the subject, To enrich the content of the legislative change and revocation system, to establish a unified operational standard, and to ensure the operation of the legislative change and revocation system through the corresponding system construction; at the same time, to pay attention to the cooperation between the various supervision methods, A perfect system of legislative change and revocation and a complete system of legislative supervision are set up to protect our country's scientific legislative activities.
【学位授予单位】：西南交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D920.0

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