南非住房权的法律保障研究

发布时间：2018-08-12 08:34

【摘要】：1998年，我国开始住房商品化和市场化改革。这场改革使我国躲过了1997年东南亚金融危机的冲击，给我国经济发展注入新活力。过度市场化也带来了一些问题，房价过高、住房保障体系不完善、强制拆迁等现象阻碍了住房权的实现。在严峻的社会形势下，南非坚持保障人权，发展出一条令人称赞的住房权法律保障之路，为完善我国住房权保障制度提供有益借鉴。南非住房权的法律保障包括立法保障和司法保障。立法是司法和执法的前提和依据。南非的住房权立法体系由国际条约、1996年《南非宪法》和住房权相关的法律法规构成。1996年宪法是南非第一部民主宪法，《权利法案》几乎涵盖所有人权。宪法的住房权条款指导法律法规的制定。南非制定一系列住房权相关法律法规，形成住房权保障的法律网。司法是住房权的最后保障。法院在审判中确立和发展住房权。首先，确立住房权的可诉性，，这是司法保障的前提；其次，协调保障住房权和遵守三权分立原则间的紧张关系；再次，确立合理性审查，合理性审查是法院审判的主要方式，通过审查政府和第三人的住房行为是否合理判断住房权是否受到侵害；最后，发展出协商等多种救济方式，协商增强了判决的执行力，使判决摆脱了宣告式、对话式、弱式的外衣。南非住房权保障经历由幼稚到成熟、由单一到丰富、从形式到实质的演变过程，为完善我国住房权制度提供有益借鉴。在立法方面，我们要坚持住房权入宪、制定专门的住房权法、完善现有法律法规、制定全面、协调、持续的住房计划和政策；在司法方面，我们应该确认住房权的可诉性、明确法院审判的标准、确保法院的独立地位和判决的执行力、不断创新救济方式，形成系统、和谐的住房权救济体系。
[Abstract]:In 1998, China began housing commercialization and market-oriented reform. This reform made our country avoid the financial crisis of Southeast Asia in 1997 and inject new vitality into our economic development. Excessive marketization also brings some problems, such as housing price is too high, housing security system is not perfect, forced demolition and other phenomena hinder the realization of housing rights. Under the severe social situation, South Africa insists on protecting human rights, develops a praiseworthy road of legal protection of housing rights, and provides a useful reference for perfecting the housing right security system of our country. The legal protection of housing rights in South Africa includes legislative protection and judicial protection. Legislation is the premise and basis for the administration of justice and law enforcement. South Africa's housing rights legislation system consists of international treaties, the 1996 South African Constitution and the laws and regulations related to housing rights. The 1996 Constitution is South Africa's first democratic constitution, and the Bill of Rights covers almost all human rights. The provisions of the Constitution on housing rights guide the formulation of laws and regulations. South Africa formulates a series of housing rights related laws and regulations, forms the housing right safeguard legal network. The administration of justice is the final guarantee of the right to housing. The court establishes and develops the right to housing in the trial. First of all, to establish the justiciability of housing rights, which is the premise of judicial security; secondly, to coordinate the tension between housing rights and the principle of separation of powers; thirdly, to establish rationality review, which is the main way of court trial. By examining whether the housing behavior of the government and the third party is reasonably judged whether the housing right has been infringed or not; finally, through the development of a variety of relief methods such as consultation, negotiation has strengthened the execution of the judgment and made the judgment get rid of the declaratory style and the dialogue style. A weak coat South Africa housing right security experience from childish to mature, from single to rich, from form to substance of the evolution process, for improving our housing rights system to provide a useful reference. In terms of legislation, we should insist on the inclusion of housing rights in the Constitution, enact special housing rights laws, perfect existing laws and regulations, and formulate comprehensive, coordinated and sustained housing plans and policies. In the judicial aspect, we should recognize the justiciability of housing rights. The standard of court trial should be defined, the independent position of court and the execution of judgment should be ensured, and the relief method should be innovated constantly to form a systematic and harmonious relief system of housing right.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D947

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