从清末法律改革看法律移植

发布时间：2018-08-30 08:25

【摘要】：1840年鸦片战争之后，西方列强不断加强了对中国的侵略，致使中国无论是社会还是经济结构上都发生了前所未有的改变。众多学者在清廷的要求或者自身执着追求下，掀起了改革的浪潮，从而有了清末的法律变革运动。经济上，中国传统经济受到冲击；法律上，原本的法律条文晦涩难懂和诸多不足；政治上，阶级斗争日益尖锐，政局动荡不安；文化上，西方法律文化冲击着中国的传统法律文化，在对比之下凸显了西方法律的先进之处；除此之外，外国列强的入侵，日本等国的变法成功，都是清末时期进行法律改革的诱因。清廷对中国原本的法律进行的删减和修改，并且大量的借鉴和移植了西方的先进法律制度。清末法律改革，为中国的近代法学的发展拉开了帷幕。中国法学得到长远的发展，比较法学也开始崭露头角。人们的法律观念逐渐形成，使得人们的行为模式都在新的法律观念的支配下展开进行。清末法律改革进程中，中西方法律传统犹如进行了一次大规模的较量，中西方法律的差异也呈现出来：法律价值核心的差异、国家治理方式的不同、对人性善恶认识的不同和思维模式的差异，这都一定程度上影响着法律移植的进行。但在整个过程中，我们也可以看到中西方法律二者的融合之处：中国从传统的集体主义向西方的个人主义靠近，中西方国家的法律价值观念也逐渐融合，中国从传统的法律伦理化逐步走向西方国家的道德法律化。通过对清末法律改革的深入认识，让我们总结出对当今中国在世界一体化进程中如何能更好的进行法律借鉴和移植活动。在分清楚主被动移植的基础上，，把握好法律本土化，树立科学的法律移植理念，坚持维护主权统一原则，主客观统一原则，法律移植最大化原则，用恰当的方式选择性地进行法律移植，全面地放眼观察和把握法律移植的历史线条，同时要注重对法律人才的培养，才能让中国的法制建设有更加美好灿烂的明天。
[Abstract]:After the Opium War in 1840, Western powers strengthened their aggression against China, which caused unprecedented changes in China's social and economic structure. Many scholars set off a wave of reform at the request of the Qing government or their own persistent pursuit, so that there was a legal reform movement in the late Qing Dynasty. Economically, the traditional Chinese economy has been hit; in law, the original provisions of the law are obscure and difficult to understand and many deficiencies; in politics, class struggle is becoming increasingly acute, political situation is volatile; and culturally, The western legal culture impacts on the traditional legal culture of China, which highlights the advantages of western law. In addition, the invasion of foreign powers and the successful reform of Japan and other countries are all the inducements for the legal reform in the late Qing Dynasty. The Qing Dynasty abridged and modified the original laws of China, and used for reference and transplanted the western advanced legal system. The legal reform in the late Qing Dynasty opened the curtain for the development of Chinese modern law. Chinese law has been long-term development, comparative law has also begun to emerge. People's legal concept is gradually formed, which makes people's behavior mode under the control of new legal concepts. In the process of law reform in the late Qing Dynasty, the legal tradition of China and the West was like a large-scale contest, and the differences between Chinese and Western laws also appeared: the differences of the core of legal value, the different ways of national governance, To some extent, the different understanding of human good and evil and the difference of thinking mode affect the transplantation of law. However, in the whole process, we can also see the fusion of Chinese and Western law: China is moving from traditional collectivism to western individualism, and the legal values of Chinese and western countries are also gradually converging. China has gradually moved from the traditional legal ethics to the moral legalization in western countries. Through the in-depth understanding of the legal reform in the late Qing Dynasty, let us sum up how to better carry out legal reference and transplantation activities in the process of world integration in China today. On the basis of distinguishing between active and passive transplantation, we should grasp the localization of law, establish a scientific concept of legal transplantation, uphold the principle of sovereignty unification, subjective and objective unification, and maximization of legal transplantation. In order to make the legal construction of China have a brighter future, we should selectively carry out legal transplantation in a proper way, observe and grasp the historical lines of legal transplantation in an all-round way, and at the same time pay attention to the cultivation of legal talents.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D929

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