刑事错案救济中的检察担当——以美国“定罪完善小组”制度为例

发布时间：2018-09-01 09:21

【摘要】：美国的"定罪完善小组"制度是指地区检察官办公室在其内部专门成立一个部门,指派检察官、律师等协同调查可能发生的错案,旨在发现、纠正并防止错误定罪制度。作为美国检察机构在推进刑事错案救济过程中建立的一种新型制度,定罪完善小组具有独立自主的组织结构、灵活高效的案件审查、公开透明的运作过程三项基本特征。至今,定罪完善小组取得了令人瞩目的成就:在数量上,它成功地发现并纠正了很多的错案;在措施上,它倡导并实施了防范错案的政策改革;在理念上,它推动了检辩双方在错案救济上以合作取代对抗。定罪完善小组制度的实践与创新对于当前中国刑事错案的救济,特别是通过强调检察机关的主动性来推动刑事错案的发现与纠正,具有非常积极的借鉴与启示意义。
[Abstract]:The "conviction group" system in the United States refers to the establishment of a special department within the district prosecutor's office to assign prosecutors and lawyers to cooperate in investigating possible errors, with the aim of finding, correcting and preventing the erroneous conviction system. As a new system established by American procuratorial organs in the process of promoting the remedy of criminal error cases, the conviction group has three basic characteristics: independent organizational structure, flexible and efficient case review, and open and transparent operation process. To date, the conviction improvement team has achieved remarkable results: in terms of quantity, it has successfully detected and corrected many wrong cases; in measures, it has advocated and implemented policy reforms to prevent wrongdoings; and conceptually, It has pushed the prosecution and the defense to replace confrontation with cooperation in the remedy of false cases. The practice and innovation of the conviction and perfection of the group system have a very positive significance for reference and enlightenment for the relief of the current criminal error cases in China, especially through emphasizing the initiative of the procuratorial organs to promote the discovery and correction of the criminal error cases.
【作者单位】：南京师范大学法学院;常州市金坛区人民检察院;
【基金】：2016年江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目(PAPD)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：D971.2;DD915.2

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