论法律事实

发布时间：2018-09-10 13:31

【摘要】：本文全文包括导论、正文和结束语三部分。导论部分主要试图阐明的是法律事实是否以及在什么意义上说它是一个法律“问题”，为什么要研究法律事实，分析研究法律事实的视角，以及本文的体例安排。正文部分由法律事实概述、法律事实的认定、法律事实与法律规范三部分组成。正文主要试图探讨和说明以下几个问题：第一，法律事实概述。司法理论与实践中应当如何认识与把握法律事实?首先必须厘清的问题是事实与存在、事实与客体、事实与真理、事实与价值的关系，法律事实的主客观属性以及法律事实的特征。在此基础上笔者尝试性地界定了法律事实的概念。法律与事实存在着相对的区分，法律事实有别于哲学上的事实、生活事实、制度事实，法律事实具有客观性与主观性二重属性及规范性、具体性等属性，它是能够引起法律关系演变的事实，站在司法裁判的立场上来看，法律事实是由法律所规定的，被法律职业群体证明、由法官依据法律程序认定的“客观”事实。法学中一般将法律事实表达为“客观真实”或“法律真实”。客观真实是一种面向大众的政治表达，而法律真实是一种面向法律职业者司法操作标准的专业表达。两种表达的共通性在于只追求事实之“真”，回避了可能的事实虚假以及事实的非真实问题。事实真实理论具有重大价值，法学理论之所以要将法律事实表达为“真实”，主要原因在于这种表达具有司法合法化的宣示功能，承载着社会的价值理想与追求。但司法实践中认定的事实可能并非是完全真实的，，因此产生了法学的表达与司法实践的背离。在事实认定可能并非真实的情况下，通过正当法律程序、协商与沟通以及法律论证，达到事实认定与判决的可接受性，是保障判决合法性的关键。第二，法律事实的认定。事实认定是司法裁判活动的重要组成部分，人类对于事实的认定总体上是不断走向理性化的，主要表现为以下四个方面：其一、由形式非理性走向形式合理性。其二、由单纯注重事实实体到注重程序制约，由宗教神学方法迈向科学方法，自然科学知识在事实认定中的地位不断提升。其三、由直觉思维走向逻辑思维，逻辑推理运用增加，直觉思维地位下降，逻辑思维占据主导的地位。其四、法律事实认定的规范性程度不断增强。当然，对原始思维的“除魅”与“解神秘化”、事实认定的法律程序制约、盖然性取代绝对确定性等都是事实认定理性化的重要表现。在法律事实
[Abstract]:This paper includes three parts: introduction, text and conclusion. The introduction mainly attempts to clarify whether and in what sense the legal fact is a legal "problem", why to study the legal facts, to analyze the perspective of the legal facts, and to arrange the style of this article. The text consists of three parts: the summary of legal facts, the determination of legal facts, the legal facts and legal norms. The text mainly attempts to explore and explain the following issues: first, the summary of legal facts. How to understand and grasp the legal facts in judicial theory and practice? The first problem that must be clarified is the fact and existence, the fact and object, the fact and truth, the relationship between fact and value, the subjective and objective attributes of legal facts and the characteristics of legal facts. On this basis, the author tries to define the concept of legal facts. There is a relative distinction between law and fact. Legal facts are different from philosophical facts, life facts, institutional facts, legal facts have the dual attributes of objectivity and subjectivity, normative, concrete and so on. It is a fact that can cause the evolution of the legal relationship. From the standpoint of judicial judgment, the legal fact is stipulated by the law, proved by the legal professional group and recognized by the judge according to the legal procedure. Legal facts are generally expressed as "objective truth" or "legal truth" in jurisprudence. Objective reality is a kind of political expression for the public, while legal truth is a professional expression for the judicial operation standard of the legal profession. The commonality of the two expressions lies in the pursuit of the "truth" of the facts and the avoidance of the possible falsehood of the facts and the non-truthfulness of the facts. The theory of truth of fact has great value. The main reason why the theory of law expresses the fact of law as "truth" is that this kind of expression has the function of declaring judicial legalization and carries the ideal and pursuit of social value. However, the facts recognized in judicial practice may not be completely true, so the expression of jurisprudence deviates from judicial practice. In the case that the fact determination may not be true, it is the key to guarantee the legality of the judgment to achieve the acceptability of the fact determination and judgment through due process of law, negotiation and communication and legal argumentation. Second, the determination of legal facts. The fact cognizance is an important part of the judicial adjudication activity, the human's cognizance of the fact is, on the whole, moving towards the rationalization, mainly in the following four aspects: firstly, from the form of irrationality to the rationality of the form. Secondly, the position of natural science knowledge in fact recognition has been improved constantly, from simple attention to fact entity to procedure restriction, from religious theology method to scientific method. Thirdly, from intuitive thinking to logical thinking, the application of logical reasoning increases, the position of intuitive thinking decreases, and logical thinking occupies a dominant position. Fourth, the normative degree of legal fact recognition is increasing. Of course, the "disenchantment" and "mystery" of the original thinking, the restriction of the legal procedure of the fact determination, and the replacement of the absolute certainty by the inevitability are all the important manifestations of the rationality of the fact determination. In fact of law
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2006
【分类号】：D90

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